Employing time-domain hybrid QPSK-8QAM and training-assisted phase recovery, we successfully transmitted eight 495-Gb/s DWDM signals at net 4.125 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency (SE) over 120×100km of ultra-large-area fiber, achieving a record SE⋅distance product of 49500 (bit/s/Hz)⋅km. 1. Introduction In response to the continuing bandwidth demand growth at 30 to 40% year-over-year, carriers are ...

The paper considers a particular family of set–valued continuous time stochastic processes modeling birth–and–growth processes. The proposed setting allows us to infer the nucleation and the growth processes. A decomposition theorem is established to characterize the nucleation and the growth. As a logical consequence, different consistent set–valued estimators are studied for growth process. M...

The role of time in quantum mechanics is discussed. The differences between ordinary observables and an observable which corresponds to the time of an event is examined. In particular, the time-of-arrival of a particle to a fixed location is not an ordinary quantum mechanical observable. While we can measure if the particle arrives, we argue that the time at which it arrives always has an inher...