We show that the Tile Assembly Model exhibits a strong notion of universality where the goal is to give a single tile assembly system that simulates the behavior of any other tile assembly system. We give a tile assembly system that is capable of simulating a very wide class of tile systems, including itself. Specifically, we give a tile set that simulates the assembly of any tile assembly syst...

Abstract Woodchip bioreactors are capable of removing nitrate from agricultural runoff and subsurface tile drain water, alleviating human health hazards harmful discharge to the environment. Water pumped sumps nearby ditches or channels could be cost-effectively diverted through a woodchip bioreactor remove prior into local waterways. Sizing achieve targeted outlet concentrations within minimum...

background: respiratory diseases cause a considerable amount of morbidity and mortality in the world. pulmonary function tests are important measures for the diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders. workers in tile and ceramic industry are exposed to high amounts of respiratory pollutants. objective: to identify the changes in spirometric parameters in a 2-year period among tile and c...

Natural estrogens are present in high concentrations livestock slurries, which often applied to agricultural fields large quantities. As such, the export of slurry-derived natural from tile-drained is a potential source for estrogenic pollution surface waters. Yet despite abundance Central Europe, receiving slurries rarely studied this region. In an effort fill knowledge gap, here we Swiss expe...

While the theoretical implications of models of DNA tile self-assembly have been extensively researched and such models have been used to design DNA tile systems for use in experiments, there has been little research testing the fundamental assumptions of those models. In this paper, we use direct observation of individual tile attachments and detachments of two DNA tile systems on a mica surfa...

PURPOSE This study was performed to determine the optimal tile size for the fractal dimension of the mandibular trabecular bone using a tile counting method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital intraoral radiographic images were obtained at the mandibular angle, molar, premolar, and incisor regions of 29 human dry mandibles. After preprocessing, the parameters representing morphometric characterist...

Experiments have demonstrated that DNA molecules can compute like a machine to solve mathematical problems, which is significant because of their parallel computation ability. However, due to the nature of biochemical reactions, DNA computation suffers from errors, which are its main limitation. The abstract and kinetic Tile Assembly Models are now commonly used to simulate real DNA computing e...