The syndrome of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone, also known as syndrome of thyroid hormone resistance, is an inherited condition that occurs in 1 of 40,000 live births characterized by a reduced responsiveness of target tissues to thyroid hormone due to mutations on the thyroid hormone receptor. Patients can present with symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. They usually have e...

Empty sella is often an incidental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding. It may be partial or complete and can primary secondary due to intracranial hypertension, radiation exposure pituitary apoplexy. Most of the patients are asymptomatic but features panhypopituitarism develop in some. This a case report 70-year-old female who presented with complaints vomiting, altered sensorium irritabi...

introduction: fasting during the holy month of ramadan is an obligation for all adult, healthy muslims. as several studies have indicated, both fasting and energy restriction can alter thyroid hormone metabolism and affect the clinical features and well-being of hypothyroid patients. hypothyroidism is more prevalent among women and the elderly. its prevalence has been reported to be 4-8% of the...

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and safety of rituximab-mediated B-lymphocyte depletion as treatment for thyroid eye disease (TED). METHODS Prospective, open-label, interventional clinical trial evaluating 12 patients with TED and Clinical Activity Scores (CAS) (VISA [vision, inflammation, strabismus and appearance/exposure] classification) of 4 or greater followed for 1 year after rituximab (...

The standard thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test (200 μg) with synthetic TRH is no longer used commonly for the detection of primary hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The reason has been that this test has been replaced by the development of more sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assays, and hence suppression or elevation of TSH has been regarded as a sufficient criterion for th...

Subclinical hyperthyroidism is defined by low or undetectable serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, with normal free thyroxine and total or free triiodothyronine levels. It can be caused by increased endogenous production of thyroid hormone (as in Graves disease or toxic nodular goiter), administration of thyroid hormone for treatment of malignant thyroid disease, or unintentional excessive...

BACKGROUND Clinical depression is associated with abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Changes in thyroid function during sleep deprivation may be related to its antidepressant effects. METHODS Levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, tri-iodothyronine, tri-iodothyronine uptake, thyroxine, and free thyroxine were measured before, during, and after a 48-hour sleep deprivatio...

Iodine deficiency is a major determinant of endemic goiter which affects bone growth. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between iodine deficiency and oral health. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 181 inhabitants aged 17 to 40 years in two villages in an iodine-deficient area in Bali, Indonesia. Thyroid swelling, serum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, DMFT...