Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is the most frequent extrathyroidal involvement of Graves' disease but it sometimes occurs in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disorder, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Autoimmunity against putative antigens shared by the thyroid and the orbit plays a role in the pathogenesis of disease. Th...

salivary gland tissue. Additionally, thyroid function tests showed a raised thyroid stimulating hormone (11 mU/l), low free thyroxine 4 (13.0 pmol/l) with positive antithyroid microsomal antibodies and negative antithyroglobulin antibodies. The clinical, serological, and histopathological manifestations fulfilled the European study group criteria for the diagnosis of SS. The patient was treated...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy with the highest mortality, so it has generated considerable debate and voluminous literature by endocrinologists, surgeons, and nuclear physicians. If total thyroidectomy is the primary treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) and it has proven to be effective and safe, the extent of lymph nodes dissection remains c...

background: papillary thyroid carcinoma (ptc), occurs mostly in women and sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical course. the objective of this study was to determine the status and prevalence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in ptc with regard to age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement. methods: immunohistochemical stains were performed on 92 tissue block...

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), occurs mostly in women and sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical course. The objective of this study was to determine the status and prevalence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in PTC with regard to age, gender, tumor size and lymph node involvement. Methods: Immunohistochemical stains were performed on 92 tissue bl...

Among clinicians, it is common practice to include parents in treatment, and it has been taken for granted that parents' involvement in their children's treatment is beneficial for therapy outcome, although research on this issue is far from clear. A meta-analysis was carried out in order to investigate whether parent involvement potentiates the outcome for children with anxiety disorders when ...

BACKGROUND Thyroid surgery is performed very frequently now a day. Previously it was used to be associated with high morbidity especially hoarseness. This complication is now almost negligible as most of the surgeons are well acquainted with the anatomical knowledge of the nerves in relation to the gland. The objective of this study was to find out variable anatomical relationships between Recu...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Western population. Chemotherapy with platinum-based regimens is the first line management for majority of advanced NSCLC. Distant metastasis in lung cancer commonly involves the adrenal glands, liver, bones and brain. Metastatic involvement of the thyroid gland is infrequent despite its rich vascular supply...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The involvement of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection before interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the association of HCV infection with the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies and dysthyroidism. METHODS A literature search was carried out to collect artic...

This study was designed to examine the involvement of PATZ1 in carcinogenesis and dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer. Immunohistochemistry on clinical specimens indicated nuclear PATZ1 expression in all normal thyroid glands and adenomatous goiter, while nuclear PATZ1 expression decreased along with the dedifferentiation of thyroid cancer. Knockdown of nuclear PATZ1 by siRNA in an immortalized...