An action threshold (AT) is one of the most important decision-making elements in integrated pest management. Unlike economic thresholds, ATs are not typically derived from an economic injury level model, but they are more commonly used. ATs may be identiÞed from research-based, pestÐcrop relationships, but they also may be based on experience. ATs may be adjusteddependingon, e.g.,weather andpl...

Strawberry fruit, western flower thrips and two-spotted spider mites were exposed to a range of ethyl formate (EF) concentrations from 0.8 to 2.4%. Ethyl formate treatments included both single and multiple applications of EF, the multiple applications having a venting period between each application. Additionally, target pests were exposed to EF and elevated levels of CO2 from 5 to 95 kPa, bal...

Development of insecticide resistance in onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), populations in onion (Allium spp.) fields and the incidence of the T. tabaci transmitted Iris yellow spot virus have stimulated interest in evaluating alternative management tactics. Effects of straw mulch applied in commercial onion fields in muck areas of western New York were assessed in ...

Wheat ear insects in large scale winter wheat field in Salzmünde (Saxsony-Anhalt) central Germany were evaluated. The present study aimed at studying the abundance of wheat blossom midges WBM, Sitodoplosis mosellana (Géhin), Contarinia tritici (Kirby) and thrips, Limothrips cerealium (Haliday) and Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov). Infestation in winter wheat during the growing seasons 2007, 2008...

The principal families of insect vectors which cause the most damage to agricultural crops through the spread of plant diseases are in the order Hemiptera, and include the aphids, leafhoppers, delphacid planthoppers and whiteflies. Another important group of insect vectors found worldwide is the order Thysanoptera, the thrips. Other insects also spread plant diseases; however, aphids alone are ...

1. Econ.Entomo!. 76: 1121-1124 (1983) ABSTRACT Insecticide usage in the Cornell UniversityProcessing(sauerkraut)Cabbage Pest Management Pilot Program was evaluated over the 4-year period from 1978 to 1981. Insecticide load was assessed in terms of dose equivalents. Insecticide efficacy was measured by percent reduction of Lepidoptera and percent reduction of plants infested with onion thrips, T...

In the past 30 years, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide. Certain biological attributes of this insect predispose it to be a direct pest across a wide range of crops. In addition to the direct damage it can cause, this species is an efficient vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus...

Ceratothripoides claratris Shumsher is one of themost important thrips pest of tomatoes in central Thailand. Hence we conducted studies to determine the intraand inter-plant distribution of C. claratris on tomatoes in two types of greenhouses, i.e., open-plastic and closed net house. The experimentswereconductedon thecampusof theAsian InstituteofTechnology inBangkok,Thailand. Both adults and la...

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), feeding injury results in discoloration and a rough texture on cabbage, Brassica oleracea capitata (L.), leaves, and damage may occur deep inside the head. It has become a key pest of cabbage in the United States and many other countries. Previous studies have indicated poor control using insecticides. The present study identified ...

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in soils, and at elevated concentration levels in plant tissue Si is reported to improve plant resistance to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. in the present study, Si solutions at 100, 300 or 500 mg l-1 made from potassium silicate (K2Sio3) were applied as foliar sprays or soil drenches to pepper (capsicum annum l.) plants, and their effec...