Reinforcement learning algorithms have provided some of the most influential computational theories for behavioral learning that depends on reward and penalty. After briefly reviewing supporting experimental data, this paper tackles three difficult theoretical issues that remain to be explored. First, plain reinforcement learning is much too slow to be considered a plausible brain model. Second...

As e-learning tend to get more and more significant for all kind of universities, researchers and consultants are becoming aware of the fact that a high technology approach and Blackboard do not guarantee successful teaching and learning. Thus, a move to pedagogy-based theories can be observed within the field of e-learning. This study describes the procedure of the development of an empiricall...

the main issues in any society are teaching and learning and main elements of this story are the teacher and the learner. there are different psychology schools in which any of them in turn, have taken many extensive researches about behavior, and facts and theories of learning have been studied from a particular perspective. rationalism asserts that the human intellect has the highest energy a...

International incoming grey traffic is currently one of the most important issues for both the Regulator and legal telecommunication operators in Pakistan. The major reason for higher grey traffic in Pakistan is because of international settlement rates which are higher than the cost of domestic termination rate. The grey traffic operators gain financial advantage by offering low international ...

the purpose of this paper is to investigate the views of six qur’an commentators, with different backgrounds, i.e., tabresi, zamakhshari, fakhr razi, meybodi, and tabatabaei, in order to find which one the three theories in religious language, i.e., equivocalism, univocalism, and analogous language is more consistent with their comments on quran. to reach this aim, first, the three theories in ...