The reflectance factors of transparent fibers, free delustering agent, are predicted by geometric as well as Kubelka-Munk models.&#10 Transparent fibers are simulated by a net of glass capillary tubes containing different solutions of dyestuffs. Based on the results, prediction of the reflectance factor of capillary net by geometric model is relatively better than those obtained from Kubelka-Mu...

This paper discusses the potential use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to improve the mechanical properties of short glass fiber composites. Two methods to incorporate MWCNTs in short glass fiber composite fabrication were examined. First, Carboxylic-functionalized MWCNTs were dispersed in a silane fiber sizing material and then were allowed to bond to the surface of glass fibers. Sec...

The dissolution rate of glass fibers has been shown to be pH sensitive using in vitro lung fluid simulant models. The current study investigated whether there is a difference in phagosomal pH (ppH) between rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and rat nasal epithelial cells (RNEC) and whether such a difference would influence the dissolution of glass fibers. The ppH was measured in cultured AM and RNEC...

In the technological world, retrofitting of damaged structures has been emerged as an essential need and a common technique. For indent retrofitting, fiber reinforced polymer composites are used. Due to its beneficial properties, they used in massive work fields. Fiber polymers holds high strength weight ratio. area civil engineering, FRP habituated strengthen existing RC structures. extended e...

this study was aimed to investigate the effect of altitude on fiber characteristics, chemical composition and kraft yield pulp of brutian pine. wood samples were collected from different altitudes as 450, 750 and 960m of arabdagh plantation, located in kalaleh region in the northeast of golestan province. three healthy sample trees of brutian pine were cut from each altitude. maceration of earl...

Everyone is familiar with the famous quote from Benjamin Disraeli about lies and statistics, but we depend on statistics to evaluate the claims made by most articles published in the ophthalmic literature. The article in this issue by Lisboa et al (See page 1317) found that only 21% of the publications in 3 major ophthalmology journals in 2012 used simple descriptive statistics (percentages, me...

Philosophers of science increasingly recognize the importance of idealization, the intentional introduction of approximate or false information into scientific theories. The literature of the past twenty years contains a number of accounts of idealization which provide differing characterizations of this practice and differing justifications for it. There is thus little consensus on some of the...

This paper aims to show what makes coherentism attractive in comparison to its main competitor, foundationalism. It also aims to show that constraint satisfaction is not the most attractive way to give content to the notion of coherence. In order to achieve these purposes, the paper distinguishes between epistemic, constructive and integrated coherentism. Epistemic coherentism treats coherence ...

A few weeks ago I was invited to run a workshop on reflective practice at a conference. I assumed the arrangements would be much as usualda 90 min slot with maybe 10 or 12 people attending. I was mistaken. When I arrived I discovered the organisers had planned two slots for me, each lasting only three-quarters of an hour. Twenty-five people had already signed up for each of the slots. The thoug...