Macros are re ective tools that operate on the representation of programs. Though having been used, and still being useful, for more than thirty years, their semantics and pragmatics are still unclear. This paper proposes a new model to understand the macroexpansion process; this model is based on a re ective tower of macroexpansion engines.

Background The treatment of root canal infection consists of eradicating microbes from the root canal and preventing re infection by root filling. Though the existing intra canal medicaments fight against multidrug resistant microbes in root canal, still re-infections occurs. The objective of this study is to synthesize new b-lactam compounds and evaluate their antimicrobial activity to treat r...

The development of Renewable Energy (RE) has become a major societal challenge. Even though RE technology is improving fast, the general public has been slow to adopt it. Meanwhile many RE cooperatives have been created; they act as social entrepreneurs in utilizing the social capital of a community to engage the public. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to consider how they can contribute t...