Drought is one of the most complex and poorly understood catastrophes on planet. Between Greek mainland Turkey, there an area Greece known as South Aegean Islands, that experiences water supply issues. As a result, are issues related to socioeconomic growth some these islands, need for transportation by vessels. Water ships Cyclades Dodecanese areas from or other adjacent islands satisfy urgent...

The rise in water demand for agriculture, industry, domestic, and environmental needs requires sagacious use of this limited resource. Since agriculture (mainly irrigation) is the major user of water, improving agricultural water management is essential. Efficient agricultural water management requires reliable estimation of crop water requirement (evapotranspiration). Evapotranspiration (ET) i...

Climatic parameters’ modeling is very important in environmental data processing. This is a consequence that climatic parameters vary dramatically in time and space. Moreover, the climate variables are dependent to each other and also to earth surface conditions such as height. The other problem is that climatic parameters are measured as a point based variables in weather stations. However, fo...

The atmospheric water vapor flux divergence and certain aspects of the water balance of North America are investigated, using data from the period May 1, 1958-Apr. 30, 1963. The mean vertical distribution of flux divergence is computed for the United States for the months of January (1962, 1963) and July (1961, 1962). Strong flux convergence in the lowest kilometer and divergence in the remaind...

Climate has always been changing during the lifetime of the earth, and has appeared in the form of the ice age, hurricanes, severe and sudden temperature changes, precipitation and other climatic elements, and has dramatically influenced the environment, and in some cases has caused severe changes and even destructions. Some of the most important aspects of climate changes can be found in preci...

It is now over one hundred years since Ravenstein published his "Laws of Migration". How have these laws fared? His paper also includes a map of "Currents of Migration", not mentioned in the text. Thornthwaite also compared migration to currents, but did not follow through with this analogy. Others have used similar terminology. More recent migration studies may yield new laws. RAVENSTEIN'S LAW...

Evapotranspiration (ET) processes at the leaf to landscape scales in multiple land uses have important controls and feedbacks for local, regional, and global climate and water resource systems. Innovative methods, tools, and technologies for improved understanding and quantification of ET and crop water use are critical for adapting more effective management strategies to cope with increasing d...

One of the most important parts hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration (ET). Accurate estimates ET in irrigated regions are critical to planning, control, and regulation agricultural natural resources. estimation necessary for irrigation scheduling. a nonlinear complex process that cannot be calculated directly. Reference (RET) potential (PET) two primary forms ET. The ideas, equations, appli...