These studies investigated whether a single electrical stimulus over the thoracic spine activates corticospinal axons projecting to human leg muscles. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex and electrical stimulation over the thoracic spine were paired at seven interstimulus intervals, and surface electromyographic responses were recorded from rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, a...

BACKGROUND Goltz-Gorlin syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia is a highly variable, X-linked dominant syndrome with abnormalities of ectodermal and mesodermal origin. In 2007, mutations in the PORCN gene were found to be causative in Goltz-Gorlin syndrome. METHOD A series of 17 patients with Goltz-Gorlin syndrome is reported on, and their phenotype and genotype are described. RESULTS In 14 pa...

My 35 years of experience in musculoskeletal diagnosis and treatment has left me with only a half-dozen or so cases of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Why then are there pockets of frequent operations for this rare diagnosis? Some would suggest that pain in an upper limb not otherwise accounted for is the reason, and, of course, an obliging surgeon. It is not infrequently that I am a...

The purpose of this article is to review the anatomical features of the most common nerve entrapment sites of the brachial plexus and major peripheral nerves of the upper limb. In this account, the term "entrapment" is considered to be caused by compression, tension, or friction, or any combination of these factors. The anatomy, including important relationships of the brachial plexus, is revie...

A valid non human primate model of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is essential to evaluate and develop new treatments. In previous experiments, it has been demonstrated that a transmitter can be implanted in the macaque fasicularis monkey that measures electromyographic data from the musculature of the tail. As well, previous experiments have demonstrated that selective lesions can be crea...

Ardıçlı B, Karaman A, Özyazıcı A, Zenciroğlu A, Okumuş N. Isolated thoracoschisis: Case report. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 217-220. Thoracoschisis is a rare congenital anomaly that refers to a congenital fissure of the chest wall. It is frequently accompanied with other congenital defects of the limbs and the abdominal wall as part of the limb-body wall complex, which is exencephaly/encephalocele...

Spontaneous spinal epidural haematomas (SSEHs) are rare causes of spinal cord compression. We present 2 cases of thoracic SSEHs with similar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Patient 1 was on long-term oral anticoagulants and patient 2 had uncontrolled hypertension. Patient 1 presented with a dense motor deficit, whereas patient 2 developed progressive lower limb weakness. Decompressio...

We report the case of a G3P3 patient, referred to our Prenatal Diagnostic Unit with fetal and placental anasarca at 31w associated with premature rupture of membranes. Ultrasound showed anamnios, foetal anasarca, measurement of the peak systolic velocity of middle cerebral artery> 1.5 MoM and cutaneous thickening of the right upper limb suggesting vascularized fetal tumor. Power Doppler showed ...

The emergence of limb-driven locomotor behaviors was a key event in the evolution of vertebrates and fostered the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life. We show that the generation of limb-projecting lateral motor column (LMC) neurons in mice relies on a transcriptional autoregulatory module initiated via transient activity of multiple genes within the HoxA and HoxC clusters. Repression o...

BACKGROUND Vascular disorders of the upper extremity in young and physically active patients present a complex and challenging problem for the treating physician. Initial presentation may often be subtle and the consequences of misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis or mistreatment can be severe. CASE REPORT In this report, we discuss a case of a young woman with chronic upper limb ischemia due to a...