There are studies about interlocal relations of local governance, but it would be unique to explain these in urban management mechanisms of unitary country in Middle East, like Iran. One of the important issues for the city's urban management system is its state actors’ interrelations and probable challenges of this process, which mentioned by terms like inter-local, intergovernmental, or inter...

This article is fruit of a survey of sources on the history of the Ministry of Health that are part of the Fiocruz collection held at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz's Department of Arquives and Documentation. The study spans the fifty years preceding Brazilian Law 1.920 (July 25, 1953), which placed health and education in separate ministries. It was during this period that the foundations which were to ...

the feature of decorating curves in iranian arts, paintings, illumination, cover decorating, engraving carving sudoriferous cloth carpet and several decorations related to architecture including tile, stucco have principles and features of traditional designing. several types of figures of khatayi and ieslimi and their roles in combination and space besides having principles in proportion to gr...

the modern state is a renewable and evolutionary phenomenon and it cannot be evaluated so that it has single cause. therefore none of the fields of the human sciences alone cannot fully explain the emergence of the modern state without interaction with other disciplines. political superstructure in various countries, primarily influenced by the social and cultural systems of communities as the ...

Cultural psychiatry is one of the relatively new trends in that has received much attention today. During last century, many Iranian psychiatrists have taken steps to introduce various aspects cultural from field epidemiology conceptualization psychiatric disorders. This narrative review article tries refer history contemporary and efforts been made this by between 1936 2019. It seems introduct...

For 1,500 years Jewish society had been designed to produce intellectuals. . . . Jewish society was geared to support them. . . . Rich merchants married sages’ daughters; . . . Quite suddenly, around the year 1800, this ancient and highly efficient social machine for the production of intellectuals began to shift its output. Instead of pouring all its products into the closed circuit of rabbini...