The design and prototype tests of a segmented and shielded instrumentation structure, based on tube modules connected by canoe ball type kinematic couplings, are presented with application to a high-precision microscope for biological science experiments. The segmented tube design is shown to be significantly less sensitive to deformation from uneven thermal disturbances than a single tube stru...

There is a niche for a sub-Kelvin cryogenic refrigeration unit that is simple, efficient, and does not require gravity. The superfluid Stirling refrigerator was developed in response to this demand. The refrigerator has cooled to 168 mK while exhausting heat at 383 mK, demonstrating the potential to cool to temperatures well below that attainable with a continuous 3He evaporation refrigerator. ...

We examine the role of Alfvén wave damping in heating the plasma in the magnetic funnels of magnetospheric accretion models of young stars. We study four different damping mechanisms of the Alfvén waves: nonlinear, turbulent, viscous-resistive and collisional. Two different possible origins for the Alfvén waves are discussed: 1) Alfvén waves generated at the surface of the star by the shock pro...

A critical challenge to translating field effect transistors into biochemical sensor platforms is the requirement of a gate electrode, which imposes restrictions on sensor device architectures and results in added expense, poorer scalability, and electrical noise. Here we show that it is possible to eliminate the need of the physical gate electrode and dielectrics altogether using a synthetic t...

The filling of thin-walled steel tubes with quartz sand can help to prevent the premature buckling of the steel tube at a low cost. During an impact, the internal stress of the quartz sand-filled steel tube column is subjected to not only axial force but also lateral confining force, resulting in complicated internal stress. A suitable sensor for monitoring the internal stress of such a structu...

This paper deals with the effect of process parameters on the peak load and the energy absorption of the expansion of thin walled tubes using a die. The energy absorption and peak load during the expansion process were calculated for various punch angles (α) and with different expansion ratios (rp/ro) at different temperatures (T) by finite element analysis where rp is the punch outer radius an...

The prominence of nulls in reconnection theory is due to the expected singular current density and indeterminacy field-lines at a magnetic null. Electron inertia changes implications both features. Magnetic field lines are distinguishable only when their distance closest approach exceeds $\Delta_d$. ensures $\Delta_d\gtrsim c/\omega_{pe}$. that lie within flux tube radius $\Delta_d$ place where...

We report a self-powered, single-electrode-based triboelectric sensor (SE-TES) array for detecting object motion inside of a plastic tube. This innovative, cost-effective, simple-designed SE-TES consists of thin-film-based ring-shaped Cu electrodes and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube. On the basis of the coupling effect between triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, the sensor ...

Rhythmic patterns of compression and reinflation of the thin-walled hollow tubes of the insect tracheal system have been observed in a number of insects. These movements may be important for facilitating the transport and exchange of respiratory gases, but observing and characterizing the dynamics of internal physiological systems within live insects can be challenging due to their size and exo...