even though the use of enzymes as useful analytical reagents when immobilized onto a transducer such as an electrochemical device has been reported in the literature for nearly two decades, the direct, i.e. unmediated electrochemistry of enzymes is, nevertheless, a rather recent development. efforts will be made to introduce the fundamental basis for protein-surface interactions with emphasis o...

Fundamental thermodynamic concepts and an earlier elastic solid-state point defect model are employed to formulate an analytical second-order polynomial function describing the density scaling of the diffusion coefficient in viscous liquids. The scaling exponent is correlated, within the approximations made in the present approach, with the pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus. Ou...

abstract: minimizing the work consumed in refrigeration system is the most effective measure to reduce the cost of products in sub-ambient chemical processes. the introduction of mixed working fluids into refrigeration system in place of pure working fluids is a recent advancement applied in the field. due to the lack of systematic design method for mixed refrigerant cycle (mrc), conventional a...

The chamber model method is still a powerful tool for the thermodynamic simulation of screw machines and widely used in industry science. When choosing adequate submodels compressible flows through machine clearances ports high accuracy can be reached with minimal computation resources. However, detailed modelling required when complex geometry twin-screw abstracted to time-dependent zero-dimen...

Path integral Monte Carlo is an exact simulation method for calculating thermodynamic properties of bosonic systems. Properties such as superfluidity and bose condensation are directly related to multiparticle exchange cycles of individual particle paths. Such calculations of bosonic systems in confined geometries, such as helium and hydrogen on surfaces and in droplets are reviewed. © 2001 Ame...