The demand for the development of underground spaces has been sharply increased in lieu of saturated ground spaces because the residents of cities have steadily increased since the 1980s. The traditional widely used excavation methods (i.e., explosion and shield) have caused many problems, such as noise, vibration, extended schedule, and increased costs. The vibration-free (and explosion-free) ...

Thermal rectification is a physical phenomenon where the resistance to heat flow is dependent on the sign of the temperature difference across a solid. This effect could be a useful phenomena to many industries if it could be controlled and optimized. However, experimental evidence shows that thermal rectification is dependent on a large number of competing factors. In addition, theoretical mod...

This paper presents and describes the test campaign of a low-cost Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) design. LHP have been around for many decades now. Their potential as passive heat transfer devices has been widely demonstrated in numerous both groundand space-based applications. One of the major disadvantages of LHP is their inherent high manufacturing cost; this is the main factor why LHP are still conf...

The objective of this work is to determine the thermal stability and vibrational spectra of datolite CaBSiO4(OH) and relate these properties to the structure of the mineral. The thermal analysis of datolite shows a mass loss of 5.83% over a 700-775°C temperature range. This mass loss corresponds to 1 water (H2O) molecules pfu. A quantitative chemical analysis using electron probe was undertaken...

Large reductions in thermal conductivity, in comparison to bulk materials, have been observed in materials structured at the nanoscale level. These reductions are attributed to a combination of classical and quantum size effects that manifest themselves when the characteristic length scales in the nanostructured material become comparable to, or shorter than, the mean free path of the heat carr...

The gas force due to the combustion in the cylinder of an IC engine will cause the piston to move with primary motion and secondary motion. The primary motion of the piston from TDC to BDC is linear in nature. This motion is desired for translation of motion of engine components. Secondary motion is due to the transverse motion of the piston while piston moving from TDC to BDC and vice-versa. T...

Piezocrystals, especially the relaxor-based ferroelectric crystals, have been subject to intense investigation and development within the past three decades, motivated by the performance advantages offered by their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients and higher electromechanical coupling coefficients than piezoceramics. Structural anisotropy of piezocrystals also provides opportunities for dev...

Although medical applications for shape memory alloys (SMA) now dominate in today’s market, there are many applications in the industrial sector which have reached large volume production that far surpass the material usage in the medical fields. In the early growth of shape memory alloy technology the most important applications were for fasteners and couplings, mainly in the military sector. ...