Introduction: Optimal power flow (OPF) is an enhanced form of the economic dispatch (ED) optimisation problem where both active and reactive powers are treated as control variables and adjusted to minimise generation cost while observing associated power flow constraints. The constraints include but are not limited to thresholds on bus voltages, reactive power generation and the thermal ratings...

OVERVIEW: Growing concern about environmental problems caused by thermal power plants is making the reduction of CO2 through more efficient power generation and the reduction of NOx and other emissions a top priority. The deregulation of the electric power industry, meanwhile, is helping to expand the demand for medium-capacity, high-efficiency thermal power plants geared toward IPP (independen...

In the real solar tower thermal power system, it is widely acknowledged that the thermodynamic irreversibility, such as convective and radiative loss on tower receiver, and thermal resistance in heat exchangers, is unavoidable. With above factors in mind, this paper presents an ideal model of the solar tower thermal power system to analyze the influence of various parameters on thermal and exer...

Article history: Received 18 November 2013 Received in revised form 4 April 2014 Accepted 5 April 2014 Available online 3 May 2014

Although the thermoelectric figure of merit zT above 300 K has seen significant improvement recently, the progress at lower temperatures has been slow, mainly limited by the relatively low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity. Here we report, for the first time to our knowledge, success in first-principles computation of the phonon drag effect--a coupling phenomenon between electro...

Electricity is an essential energy that can benefit our daily lives. There are many sources available for electricity generation, such as coal, natural gas and nuclear. Among these sources, coal has been widely used in thermal power plants that account for about 41% of the worldwide electricity supply. However, these thermal power plants are also found to be a big pollution source to our enviro...

in a steam power plant, the temperature of the cooling water leaving the condenser for recyclingshould decrease. this is achieved in a cooling tower. the heller cooling tower does not require waterfor operation, thus, it is a suitable system for use in thermal power plants throughout iran. wind is anenvironmental factor that unfavorably affects the performance of a cooling tower. previous studi...