Background In vitro maturation (IVM) of human oocytes has acquired increasing attention in infertility treatment with great promise. This technique is an alternative conventional in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), and can be reduced the side effects of gonadotropin stimulation such as ovarian hyperstimulation (OHSS). Oocyte maturation is a complex process including cytoplasmic and...

Background: Successful in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is an important step for production of livestock through assisted reproductive techniques including somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Obtaining an optimal duration for maturation of oocyte is essential, since over exposure to maturation medium results in oocyte aging, while under exposure leads to production of immature incompetent...

Background: Because of the problems of achieving to mature oocytes, abillity to deliver the oocytes to mature outside of ovaries was a big discovery that somewhat could reduce the risk of ART`s.Because of the low percentage of in vitro oocyte maturation, research for improving the IVM condition and increasing the oocyte maturation rate is to be continued. The aim of this research is the study o...

Background: Oocyte in vitro maturation success rate is still low in compareision to oocyte in vivo maturation. Thus prediction and improvement of oocyte competency are two critical issues in assisted reproductive technology. New insights into oocyte-cumulus cell regulatory loop may assist our optimization of in vitro maturation technique. Maturation and developmental competency of cumulus oocyt...

Silicic calderas globally tend to record a cyclic magmatic, structural, and eruptive evolutionary progression. Some are polycyclic, involving multiple catastrophic collapses in the same approximate location. Here we discuss five examples from well-studied, geologically-young active magmatic systems: The Kos-Nisyros Volcanic Complex (Greece), Long Valley (USA), Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy), Ra...

background: mammalian oocytes are exposed to a mixture of many different growth factors and cytokines which provides an optimized microenvironment for oocyte maturation. in the lack of this natural microenvironment in vitro the quality of oocyte and embryos appears to be suboptimal. objective: this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of egf and lif on in vitro maturation fertilizati...

Background: The period of growth spurt is an important factor in helping to optimize the outcome orthodontic treatment and can be determined through indicators cervical vertebral maturation stage dental maturation. According Bacetti, Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stage (CVMS) a method determine which categorized stages (CS) one six using lateral cephalograms. Demirjian, canine assessment used s...

objective: retinoids are recognized as important regulators of cell differention and tissue function. previous studies, performed both in vivo and in vitro, indicate that retinoids influence several reproductive events. in this study, we investigated the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (t-ra) on maturation and fertilization rate of immature oocytes (germinal vesicle). materials and methods: g...

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the origin, type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter paleo-depositional environment Early Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation outcropped in Kala-Chitta Range Northwest Pakistan, Eastern Tethys. Organic-rich shale coal intervals were utilized for geochemical analyses including TOC (total carbon) Rock–Eval pyrolysi...