Energy crisis, global warming and other environmental issues are what motivate researchers to find new strategies to reduce energy consumption in buildings. Recently, using phase change materials (PCM) in the building’s envelopes has drawn significant attention as an energy-saving method, which helps in increasing the building’s thermal capacity. In the present research, the effects of the main...

this research is aimed to undertake a comparative study on stability and thermal degradation kinetics of un-irradiated and high energy protons irradiated polyvinyl butyral (pvb) based on weight loss analysis and non-isothermal approaches. the weight loss by the un-irradiated pvb upon heating was found to be in two stages but due to high energy protons accelerated exposure following by chemical ...

in this work, thermal degradation behavior of a fuel-rich energetic mixture containing epoxy binder was studied by thrmogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates. variation of the thermal degradation activation energy of the mixture was evaluated by differential and integral isoconversional methods via akts software p...

Solar thermal water heating systems reduce household energy bills by using the free solar radiation provided by the sun to heat water for residential needs. In order to eliminate the need for electricity to run a pump to drive the fluid circulation in these systems, fluid buoyancy effects can be employed to move the fluid from lower elevations to higher elevations. There are several operational...

Market-oriented reforms in the electricity supply industry worldwide have changed the decision investment context. Risks, such as the real need for new capacity and the return on investment, which were formerly borne by consumers or by taxpayers, now have to be faced by investors. However, even when scarcity prices efficiently reflect the tightness of supply in electricity markets, the reliabil...

the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) on the cell disintegration of sugar beet were studied. field strength (0.5kv/cm to 6kv/cm), pulse number (1 to 100 pulses) and capacity of capacitors (0.5 f to 32 f) were evaluated on degree of cell disintegration and consumed energy in pef treatment. the field conditions of 1 and 2 kv/cm, 8 f with 20 and 10 pulses respectively disintegrated the cel...

This paper is concerned with market-based protocols for relieving congestion caused by transactions outside the control area in which the congestion occurred. One approach, proposed by Cadwalader et al. is based on dual decomposition in which out of area congestion is “priced-out” and added to the optimal power flow (OPF) objective function of the control area operator while the prices are dete...

The vast growing market for borehole heat exchangers (BHE’s) requires great efforts of quality assurance in design and construction. Within a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology a consortium consisting of the University of Applied Sciences at Biberach (UASB), the University of Karlsruhe (EIFER, GI) and the Bavarian Centre of Applied Energy Research...

Abstract To achieve the goals of sustainable development and energy conservation emission reduction, a model is constructed through system dynamics to explain mechanism carbon emissions trading analyze impact on China’s electric power based analyzing relationship between market electricity market. The role simulation its policy effects it. results show that has an on-grid price, installed capac...