Wood cells, unlike most other cells in plants, grow by a unique combination of intrusive and symplastic growth. Fibers grow in diameter by diffuse symplastic growth, but they elongate solely by intrusive apical growth penetrating the pectin-rich middle lamella that cements neighboring cells together. In contrast, vessel elements grow in diameter by a combination of intrusive and symplastic grow...

Kraft pulp produced from juvenile and mature wood from thirty-two-yearold Corymbia citriodora trees was evaluated. The stem was subdivided into regions of juvenile and mature wood, and then it was transformed into chips. These materials were then cooked in the Laboratory of Pulp and Paper at São Paulo State University (UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) and the physico-mechanical properties of the pu...

spreading wood particles and attached colored materials in work places can cause many problems for woodwork industry workers. the aim of this study is to design and implement a local exhaust ventilation system to control wood dust and isocyanates simultaneously. the study was conducted on 18 workers in the paint workroom of a wood door industry. at first, an overview of the workplace indoor air...

background: iron-mediated cardiomyopathy is the main complication of thalassemia major (tm) patients. therefore, there is an important clinical need in the early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tissue doppler imaging (tdi) to study cardiac iron overload in patients with tm using t2* magnetic resonance (mr) as the gold-standard...

Globally, billions of tons of carbon sequestered in trees are annually recycled back to the atmosphere through wood decomposition by microbes. In Norway, every fifth Norway spruce shows at final harvest infection by pathogenic white-rot fungi in the genera Heterobasidion and Armillaria. As these fungi can mineralize all components of wood, we predicted that they have a significant carbon footpr...

the log damage and value loss were examined by felling and bucking function, species, and damage type, in kheyrud forest in namkhaneh district in the hyrcanian forest of iran. in order to calculate the wood value following tree felling and bucking, 250 trees and 167 logs consisting of beech and hornbeam species were measured. there were five types of damage recorded following the tree felling o...

Warensjö, M. 2003. Compression wood in Scots pine and Norway spruce-Distribution in relation to external geometry and the impact on dimensional stability in sawn wood. With the aid of compression wood the conifer trees are able to maintain their predetermined growth form. Compression wood is formed as soon as the tree is displaced from its normal vertical position. Trees with expressed curvatur...