nowadays,tourism industry considered as one of the main sources of income of a country.unfortunately and despite of owning plenty of cultural historical and natural attractions, iran has not reached to a proper position in this field. besides, the historical cities of a country are considered as the income resource and national wealth of it. qazvin with a rich cultural precedent, have suitable ...

abstract ion selective electrodes (ises) are electrochemical sensors that respond selectivity to the activity of ionic species. an ion-selective electrode is an electrochemical device that uses a thin selective membrane or film as the recognition element, and is an electrochemical half-cell equivalent to other half-cells of the zeroth (inert metal in a redox electrolyte). in common methods o...

Nowadays, empowerment is being considered as one of the most applicable ways regarding development achievement. This is more applied to vulnerable rural peasants. It is argued that development without empowerment considerations in general namely as far as the rural settlers are concerned is an incomplete concept. Targeted subsidy could be very influential regarding empowerment of the rural sett...

Objectives: In designing poverty alleviation strategies, it is axiomatic to identify the poor. Insufficient or unreliable data about the deprived members of society is a primary obstacle in designing an effective poverty reduction policy. The role of the labour market is particularly important in providing decent jobs for every sector of population. Studying labour market structure enables ...

Objectives: In designing poverty alleviation strategies, it is axiomatic to identify the poor. Insufficient or unreliable data about the deprived members of society is a primary obstacle in designing an effective poverty reduction policy. The role of the labour market is particularly important in providing decent jobs for every sector of population. Studying labour market structure enables ...

in this thesis protic and aprotic ammonium-based ionic liquids were synthesized and their surface tensions were measured in the range of 298-373k. the protics are alkyl ammonium-based ils with the carboxylate (formate, acetate, propionate) anion and aprotics are quaternary ammonium-based ils with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. capillary rise method was used for surface tension measure...

Introduction: due to importance of poverty reduction in reducing social problems, sustainable development of a country and increase of social welfare level or to detect qualified persons using welfare programs, to study the poverty phenomenon has to be studied This can help policy makers in poverty elimination. Method: we used the statistical data on household budgets for measuring povert...