There are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. A field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Northern Iran (36.3°N, 53.04°E), to determine the effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on nitrogen (N) and pho...

We perform first-principles calculations to investigate the initial stages of titanium nanoparticle oxidation. We determine the most stable structure of a 181-atom decahedral nanoparticle with various oxygen coverages ranging from a single atom to full oxidation of the surface. Linear Oad−Ti−Oad bonding configurations on the nanoparticle surface are found to be most stable for low oxygen covera...

The adsorption of atomic oxygen and its inclusion into subsurface sites on Ag(210) and Ag(410) surfaces have been investigated using density functional theory. We find that—in the absence of adatoms on the first metal layer—subsurface adsorption results in strong lattice distortion which makes it energetically unfavoured. However subsurface sites are significantly stabilised when a sufficient a...

Global light transport is composed of direct and indirect components. In this paper, we take the first steps toward analyzing light transport using high temporal resolution information via time of flight (ToF) images. The time profile at each pixel encodes complex interactions between the incident light and the scene geometry with spatially-varying material properties. We exploit the time profi...

Phosphorus (P) Index evaluations are critical to advancing nutrient management planning in the United States. However, most assessments until now have focused on the risks of P losses in surface runoff. In artificially drained agroecosystems of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, subsurface flow is the predominant mode of P transport, but its representation in most P Indices is often inadequate. We exp...

The subsurface defect in the wheel tread caused from Rolling Stock Fatigue (RCF) has become more danger in high speed railway. The conventional UT and phased array UT have deficiency to find the subsurface defect from the tread surface because of limitation of ultrasonic near field. In this paper, the subsurface defect is studied by simulation and experimental results with ultrasonic technique....

Shotand offset-domain common image gathers encounter problems in complex media. They can place events that come from different points in the subsurface at one subsurface location based on identical arrival times and horizontal slownesses. Angle-domain common image gathers uniquely define ray couples for each point in the subsurface, therefore each event in the data will be associated with only ...