the entomopathogenic fungus, verticillium epiphytum was isolated from the infected specimens of thrips tabaci collected in mashhad in april 2011. the fungus has been previously reported from rusts and sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. this is the first record of v. epiphytum on t. tabaci in the world.

A simulation model of a single sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L., plant infected by the sugarbeet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, was developed using published information. The model is an interactive computer simulation programmed in FORTRAN. Given initial population densities of the nematode at planting, the model simulates nematode population dynamics and the growth of plant tap and f...

1) Effects of cereal cyst (Heterodera) and rootlesion (Pratylenchus) nematodes on wheat are difficult to identify and control. Symptoms are non-specific and easily confused with stress from nutrient deficiency, drought, or disease. 2) Multiple species of Heterodera and Pratylenchus are capable of damaging wheat. Identification of species is difficult and procedures based on comparative morpholo...

Abstract Hop cyst nematode, Heterodera humuli Filipjev, 1934 was found in soil samples collected from hop farms Bushy Park, Tasmania and Merriang, Victoria, Australia. Morphological molecular characteristics were consistent with those described for this species other parts of the world. Novel gene sequences ITS rRNA, 28S rRNA CO1 mtDNA generated cysts compared against H. available on NCBI GenBa...

Three species of fungi, Catenaria auxiliarls (Kiihn) Tribe, Nematophthora gynophila Kerry and Crump, and a Lagenidiaceous fungus have been found attacking female cyst nematodes. All are zoosporic fungi which parasitize females on the root surface, cause the breakdown of the nematode cuticle, and prevent cyst formation. Their identification and some aspects of their biology are reviewed. N. gyno...

Soybeans with genes for resistance select against Heterodera glycines with the corresponding genes for avirulence. There may be a differential effect of sex with some specific gene interactions, which would influence the magnitude of gene frequency changes. No effect on H. glycines males was detected with one selected nematode population and the resistant soybean line PI88788. The selective eff...