Because daguerreotype photographs are usually reversed laterally from actuality, images of W.T.G. Morton falsely suggest that he sometimes changed the side of the part in his hair. Because of daguerreotype image reversal, a statue of Apollo in the Ether Dome at the Massachusetts General Hospital appears to have been moved for the 50th anniversary of Ether Day. Ether anesthesia was announced in ...

akhbārism is one of the most important shiite jurisprudential schools. it prevailed from the early eleventh century for about two hundred years as the mainstream in some jurisprudence arenas. in a number of jurisprudential books and jurisprudential principles, some jurists have been referred to as being akhbāri. despite the many studies that have been done in the field akhbārism, providing a co...

Class of 2008 Political Science The author examines visual and rhetorical strategies used by Iraqi and non-Iraqi groups in recruiting voters for the January 2005 legislative and presidential elections. Case studies include the USAID, various Shiite clergy groups, and Future Iraq Assembly, which is a non-governmental organization of activists, businesspeople, and academicians. Religious appeals ...

Among the many innovations that mark Frege’s Begriffsschrift as a revolutionary work, perhaps the most important is its presentation of the first formal system of logic. Frege believed that the introduction of a new notation, especially for the expression of generality, was necessary if the logical relationships between contents were to be made apparent. This new notation made it possible, at l...