changes in abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria have been studied in the southern part of the caspian sea (the stretch between tonekabon and amirabad) in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in which samples were taken from five depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 meters in the stations of tonekabon, noushahr, babolsar and amirabad. samples were fixed in formalin (2-2.5%) before transfer...

This study provides the first in depth assessment of Sea Otter haul-out patterns in Elkhorn Slough, California and their relationship to environmental variables. Seasonal and daily water and air temperature fluctuations are a good predictor of Sea Otter haul-out patterns but are affected by the availability of haul-out sites at different tide levels. The cost effectiveness of this choice may be...

1. The surface of the unfertilized sea urchin egg is folded and the folds are reversibly eliminated by exposing the egg to hypotonic sea water. If the plasma membrane is outside the layer of cortical granules, unfolding may explain why the membrane capacitance per unit area decreases (and does not increase) when a sea urchin egg is put into hypotonic sea water. 2. The degree of surface folding ...

  Khark and Kharko Islands are located at far northern point of fringing coral reefs in the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. These coralline are the habitats of the wildlife refuge with total area of 2400ha and located in the territory of Bushehr province. The present study was carried out from July 2006 to June 2007 over 12 stations. Sampling was conducted obliquely from bottom using Bongo-n...

Coastline change reflects the dynamics of natural processes and human activity, and influences the ecology and environment of the coastal strip. This study researched the change in coastline and sea area of the Bohai Sea, China, over a 30-year period using Landsat TM and OLI remote sensing data. The total change in coastline length, sea area, and the centroid of the sea surface were quantified....

Passive microwave sensors onboard satellites, such as SSMI or AMSR-E, can penetrate clouds and can monitor the global sea ice distribution on daily basis. However, since the footprint size of passive microwave sensors are rather large, approx. 38x30kmfor SSM/I 37GHz and approx.8x14km for ASMR-E 37GHz, extraction of sea ice thickness with passive microwave sensors is not easy. In this study, we ...

Satellite data are used to determine the number of days having sea ice coverage in each year 1979-2013 and to map the trends in these ice-season lengths. Over the majority of the Arctic seasonal sea ice zone, the ice season shortened at an average rate of at least 5 days/decade between 1979 and 2013, and in a small area in the northeastern Barents Sea the rate of shortening reached over 65 days...