Most scholars focus on whether the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines effectively constrain judges or result in disparate decisions based on a court’s or defendant’s location. With few exceptions, studies of the effect of judicial attributes on federal-district-court-sentencing cases have been stymied by the United States Sentencing Commission’s refusal to release judges’ names in their databases of se...

The current pandemic challenged political leaders. As governments introduced containment policies, presidential approvals in several countries started to rise. This phenomenon brought back the discussion on Rally-’round-the-Flag effect, which refers public's propensity put aside differences and support presidents during episodes of international crises. By focusing four Latin American president...

The purpose of this article was to present the functioning office president in Italian Republic terms personnel years 1992-2022, explaining dynamics changes period. In order do this, author formulated main hypothesis assuming that stimulated by personal characteristics people office, and not significant systemic within political system. verify, research questions were established relating past ...

Preface The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), through a subcontract with Yale New is supporting a committee appointed by the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS) to address statistical issues identified by the CMS and stakeholders about CMS's approach to mod-eling hospital quality based on outcomes. In the spring of 2011, with the direct support of YN-HHSC/CO...

Welcome address of the congress presidents 20th National Neuroscience Congress organized by Acıbadem University with support Brain Research Society-Türkiye (BAD)

This article develops a theory of messes, defined as disorderly accumulations of varied entities. More specifically, it examines disorder caused by individual, or collective human agents, in hierarchically-ordered and complex systems – systems composed of sub-systems that, in turn, have their own subsystems, and so on. Such hierarchical-complex systems include filing systems (filing cabinet, dr...

The recently published paper entitled ‘Obesity management in Europe: current status and objectives for the future’ (Obes Facts 2016; 9: 273–283) summarizes the results of a survey on obesity management conducted in 23 member countries of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) [1] . The team of authors includes experts both in obesity management and in obesity prevention and em...