introduction: success in endodontic treatment depends on various factors. among the most important factors, appropriate preparation of the root canal system and keeping periapical region intact as much as possible could be mentioned. these are achieved by determining the penetration depth of the instruments into the canal i.e. the working length. several methods are introduced for working lengt...

the mechanism by which bi-and trivalent cations affect human liver phosphatidatephosphohydrolase (pap) activity was investigated. bivalent cations up to 1 mm increased pap activity whereas at higher concentrations the activity of the enzyme decreased. the stimulatory concentration for trivalent cations such as al3+ and cr3+, however, was much lower being 2 m m and 1 m m, respectively. all catio...

A simple and reliable recording double Fabry-Perot spectrometer is described. The linear increase in the first etalon was achieved as usual by means of a pressure reservoir of 200 atm. and a small glass capillary tube. With a second pressure reservoir and a needle valve, the flow rate of which could be changed by a servomotor, the pressure in the second Fabry-Perot was increased. The difference...

We have identified a mariner-like element (MLE) in the genome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The cloned MLE, desiqnated as BmMLE, contained an ORF that was interrupted by insertions, stop codons, and frameshifts. The complete ORF sequence was estimated by sequencing the PCR products. The hypothetical protein coded by this ORF showed 34% homology to the Mos1 element of Drosophila mauritiana, and ...

This report presents national statistics on hospital use from the U.S. National Hospital Discharge Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics and the national survey of hospitalization conducted by CREDES, Centre de Recherche d'Etude et de Documentation en Economie de la Santé, previously the Medical Economics Division of CREDOC. The use statistics compared between the two co...

The perovskite-like compounds ACu 3 Ru 4 O 12 (A=Na,Ca,Sr,La,Nd) are studied by means of density functional theory based electronic structure calculations using the augmented spherical wave (ASW) method. The electronic properties are strongly influenced by covalent type bonding between transition metal d and oxygen p states. The characteristic tilting of the RuO 6 octahedra arises mainly from t...

Venn diagrams, flow charts, tree structures, node networks, to name just a few-or to the great lengths that computer companies go to advertise the graphic capabilities of their products, to see that charts and graphs have enormous appeal to people. All of this is true despite the fact that in virtually every case, the same information can be communicated by nonpictorial means: tables of numbers...

We present first experimental results of the extension of X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (X-MCD) to Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). The purpose of this study is to determine size distributions and correlations lengths in the nanometer range of magnetic precipitates in granular systems. Magnetic scattering curves obtained with a GdFe system at the Gd La edge are compared with reference m...