Background: Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system in older adults. Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of in-person and distance exercise training on the outcomes of knee injury and osteoarthritis among the elderly with limited literacy. Method: In this two-group randomized clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design, 60 elderly patients with knee i...

The seceder model is an extremely simple individual based model which shows how the local tendency to be different gives rise to the formation of hierarchically structured groups, called the seceder effect. The model consists of a population of simple entities which reproduce and die. In a single reproduction event three individuals are chosen randomly and the individual which possesses the lar...

A new integrated estimation and guidance design approach is presented as a computationally effective procedure for interception of maneuvering targets. This is an adaptive approach that uses the following elements: banks of state estimators, and guidance laws, a maneuver detector for the onset of the target’s maneuver, and a hierarchical decision law for online selection of the estimator/guidan...

The debt crisis, and the IMF-sponsored stabilization programs enacted in response to it, have resulted in an excessive degree of ansterity for several of the debtor countries. The current creditor strategy, it is argued, is not sustainable over the long term unless the debtor countries are allowed to grow. The author advocates a more generous treatment of debt servicing requirements, in the for...

— Steganography is about how to send secret message covertly. And the purpose of steganalysis is to not only detect the existence of the hidden message but also extract it. So far there have been many reliable detecting methods on various steganographic algorithms, while there are few approaches that can extract the hidden information. In this paper, the difficulty of extracting hidden informat...

Nacrtak Conducted within the scope of a larger Italian project, the study analyzes three recovery alternatives for logging residue and identifies the conditions that make one preferable to the others. To the purpose, the authors used spreadsheet models based on experiments, which return the delivered cost of biomass as a function of working conditions and costing assumptions. Chipping, bundling...

In this paper, we propose a simple and effective method for speech understanding. The method incorporates some speech recognizers. We use two recognizers, a large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer and a domain-specific speech recognizer. The integrated recognizer is a robust and flexible method for speech understanding. For the integration process, we use a simple edit distance measure of...

This paper presents a simple and effective method for image contrast enhancement called spatially weighted histogram equalization. Spatially weighted histogram not only considers the times of each grey value appears in a certain image, but also takes the local characteristics of each pixel into account. In the homogeneous region of an image, the spatial weights of pixels tend to zero, whereas a...