Toxicity tests are commonly used as a tool to determine the standards of water quality for chemicals and to discover appropriate organisms as bioindicators in toxicological studies, and also could be used as an essential tool for evaluation of the pollutant effects in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of two Caspian fish species, Caspian trout as a...

Investigation on structure and dynamics of natural forest ecosystems is an important issue for silvicultural decisions. The aim of this study is to analysis dynamics and structure of a beech stand during 5-year period in the Shast Kalateh forest in the Caspian region, North of Iran. Data were collected from a 16.9ha permanent research plot established in a natural unlogged stand in 2006. All li...

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for sample clean-up and preconcentration followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with uv detection is reported for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the caspian seawater. A good resolution was obtained using acetonitrile:water (40:60) as mobile-phase for separation of these compounds. The effect ...

Rising wildfire suppression expetizditures on public land in the United States have led to increased scrutiny of wildfifne managemefzt practices. One area that has received particular attention is the Forest Service's increasing reliance on contract fire crews. Because a contract crew rate includes several costs that are not included in the wage costs of a Forest Service crew, it is difsicult t...

The study of the forest dynamics of Georgia’s landscapes is based on the analysis spatial-temporal concept of natural-territorial complexes (NTCs), which was developed by Prof. Nikoloz Beruchashvili. This question allows analyzing and evaluating the following issues: forest resource potential of landscapes and restoration of the retrospective picture of the forest area in the different historic...

Between 1990 and 2000, nonfederol timberland orem in wegem Washington declined by 5%, in tontrml to a 3% reduciion for the 1980-90 period. Most of this reduction is attributed to the conversion of timberland io ofher lond uses, especially urban and other developed uses. In areas such os the Puget Sound region, population densities hove more than doubled over the lmt 40 yeon. Further expansion i...

The family Magnaporthaceae considered as a single-family placed in the order Magnaporthales. Currently, three distinct clades are phylogenetically distinguished in this order that one is referred as the Pyriculariaceae. The Pyriculariaceae is characterized as a novel family having new genera, new species, new combinations and neotypification (basionym). To taxonomically evaluate this family, an...