the aim of the present study was to compare and analyze football referees' status in iran and england. this study used factors and variables which affected this issue (assessor scales). method of this research was descriptive and library-based. results showed that iran referee structure was not in accordance with england and more development and variety was observed in england referee stru...

BACKGROUND Pathology of urothelial carcinoma may vary in different populations at diagnosis. Our aim was to evaluate the histopathologic differences between Jewish and Arab patients in Israel at first diagnosis of urothelial cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively collected data of all patients with confirmed urothelial cancer, treated at our department between January 2010 and Januar...

the second section of this paper deals with examples regarding the impact of islamic culture ; iranian tendencies toward islam before the arab invasion ; the impact of iranian culture on islamic culture, after arab invasion; the impact of iranian political culture on the arab's ruling systems. to do this, the most important and valid sources will be employed.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging non-communicable disease worldwide. The Arab countries have a high prevalence of CKD risk factors, e.g. diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Unfortunately, the magnitude of CKD in the Arab world has not been studied well. This review presents the current data on CKD in the Arab world and proposes a call for action to address this rising epidemic.

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between spelling knowledge and reading skills among a group of 16 intermediate-level Arab learners of English as a second language (ESL) and a corresponding comparison group of 21 intermediate-level ESL learners in an English for academic purposes (EAP) program. A spelling task was used to assess the English orthographic or spelling k...

One billion of the world's population has hypertension, resulting in four million deaths per year. Data on the prevalence of hypertension in the Arab world are very limited. This review summarizes existing knowledge regarding prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in Arab countries. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for publications on HTN amon...

Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine, Arab-Islamic medicine, or Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine refers to medicine developed in the Golden Age of the Arab-Islamic civilization, which extended from Spain in the west to Central Asia and India in the east. In temporal terms it covered a period of roughly nine centuries, from the middle of the seventh to the end of the fifteenth century. Medicine was ...

The last chapter in this Report outlines a strategic vision built on five pillars of the future Arab knowledge society. Its chief goal is to frame a forward-looking and action-oriented discussion on knowledge in Arab countries that takes into account their particular features and circumstances and that leads to specific operational proposals for the advancement of Arab human development.

al-shanfarā (6th century bc) with a group of poets such as taabbata sharran (“he who has put evil in his armpit”) are among the best known of the sulūk (“brigand”) poets. shanfarā was depicted as living a life of solitude and hardship based on the looting and plundering. shanfarā has two long and famous odes. one of them is tāeiyeh and the other is lāmiyyatu'l arab. lāmiyyatu'l arab i...

We have analyzed and compared mitochondrial DNA variation of populations from the Near East and Africa and found a very high frequency of African lineages present in the Yemen Hadramawt: more than a third were of clear sub-Saharan origin. Other Arab populations carried approximately 10% lineages of sub-Saharan origin, whereas non-Arab Near Eastern populations, by contrast, carried few or no suc...