Suspensions of leukemic cells of mice from three different strains of leukemia were subjected to rapid or slow freezing and rapid or slow thawing. Suspensions rapidly frozen to -196 degrees C. were in all cases innocuous, whereas those frozen slowly were capable of transmitting leukemia. The infectivity of slowly frozen material varied from an estimated 0.0001 per cent to 1 per cent of that of ...

Quality of glazed (G) and non-glazed air-blast frozen rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated after applying different modern (M: microwave oven; U: ultrasonic; HVEFT: high voltage electrical field; O: ohmic heating) and conventional (S: steam cooking; W: water; R: refrigeration) thawing methods. Glazed frozen samples thawed by modern and conventional methods showed an increase in pro...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cord blood (CB) is a valuable source of stem cells. Most CB units are still cryopreserved in single bags in the world's CB banks. Thawing a single CB unit, dividing it into two parts, expanding the smaller one and refreezing the other would optimize ex vivo expansion of CB progenitors prior to transplantation: expanded and unexpanded cells could be infused together to ...

Increasing use of frozen storage in nurseries at northern latitudes calls for thawing methods that are safe, economical and easy to apply on a large scale. The easiest and most economical method would be to thaw seedlings in the same boxes they were stored in. However, doing this safely requires more knowledge about how long and at what temperatures seedlings should or can be kept in the boxes ...

Concern over nonpoint source P losses from agricultural lands to surface waters in frigid climates has focused attention on the role of freezing and thawing on P loss from catch crops (cover crops). This study evaluated the effect of freezing and thawing on the fate of P in bare soils, soils mixed with dairy manure, and soils with an established catch crop of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum...

Large volumes of protein solutions are commonly stored in a frozen state before further drug product fill and finish. This study aimed to establish design space perform large-scale freeze-thaw (F/T) processes biotherapeutics without inducing destabilization. A response surface model was designed evaluate the following main factors interactions: volume solution 1-L containers, distance among nin...