were confirmed in both isolated pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot but were more marked in pulmonic stenosis. Intimal fibrosis in the pulmonary vessels on the other hand gave the impression of being greater in the cases of tetralogy of Fallot than in pulmonic stenosis even within the same age group, but this difference is not statistically significant. Intimal fibrosis was even more pro...

There are few studies about post-cardiac surgery fungal infections especially by Aspergillus fumigatus. In this paper we report a case of Aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis after tetralogy of Fallot total correction (TFTC), and permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation. A five-year-old female patient with current history of total correction of tetralogy of fallot was admitted in Rajaie Ca...

OBJECTIVE To compare actual with predicted long term growth after early repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). DESIGN Serial preoperative and postoperative anthropometric data were converted with z scores. The presence of restrictive physiology was assessed by echocardiography. PATIENTS 45 otherwise healthy patients who underwent repair at median age 1.6 years (range 0.2-4.9) were studied. Pr...

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, affecting approximately 2700 infants per year born in the United States. The natural history of the tetralogy reflects the adverse physiologic consequences of the underlying structural abnormalities, with only approximately 3% of uncorrected patients surviving past age 40. In this case report, we report an 87-year-old woma...

AIMS Our aim was to clarify the location and structure of the outlet septum relative to the free-standing subpulmonary infundibulum in the setting of tetralogy of Fallot and to examine its relationship to the other components of the subpulmonary outflow tract, determining their potential influence on clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied prospectively 41 patients with tetralogy of ...

The number of adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot is increasing. Aortic root dilatation has been observed on longitudinal follow-up of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Histological studies of aortas in patients with tetralogy of Fallot have reported striking similarities to the aortas of patients with Marfan syndrome. Despite the concern that patients with tetralogy of Fallot may harbor ...

Four patients with primitive ventricle and normally related great vessels with stenotic subpulmonary outlet chamber (Holmes' heart with pulmonary stenosis) are reported. The history, physical examination, and chest x-ray film are not helpful in distinguishing Holmes' heart with pulmonary stenosis from tetralogy of Fallot. Electrocardiogram often provides the first clue to the presence of Holmes...

Chromosome 22q11 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) studies were performed on 33 consecutive individuals attending a paediatric cardiology clinic with tetralogy of Fallot. Seven children had 22q11 microdeletions but only four had other clinical features associated with the newly recognised chromosome 22 deletion syndrome (CATCH 22). Chromosome 22q11 FISH studies should therefore be perfo...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess both the feasibility and potential role of transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography for the evaluation of adult patients with congenital heart disease. BACKGROUND The unrestricted views with depth perception provided by three-dimensional echocardiography with dynamic volume-rendered display may enhance visualization of cardiac structures and dete...