This study aims to investigate the relationship between current smoking and lifetime amount smoked and the incidence of dysphonia using data from a national cross-sectional survey that represents the Korean population. Subjects were 3,600 non-institutionalised civilian adults over the age of 19 (1,501 males and 2,099 females) who completed the laryngeal examination of the 2008 Korea National He...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the association between smoking and incident diabetes among U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) was a prospective study of the associations of insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors. We examined the relationship between smoking status categories (never, former, and curr...

A method of register assignment in optimizing retargetable compilers is described. The design of the PACK register assignment system is presented, and it is shown how PACK functions in compilers built with the Production Quality Compiler Compiler technology.

The objective of this study was to explore the impact of different advertising messages on adults' snack choice. Eighty participants (18-24 years old) were offered the choice between two snack packs following exposure to one of three advertising conditions. The snack packs contained either healthy or high fat, sugar or salt (HFSS) foods. Participants were exposed to commercials containing eithe...

AIMS To assess the effectiveness of two different educational interventions plus free cycle helmets, in increasing cycle helmet ownership and use. METHODS A cluster randomised controlled trial was carried out in 28 primary schools in deprived areas of Nottingham, involving 1213 year 5 schoolchildren (age 9 and 10). Children received either a helmet + educational pack (educational pack and ord...

A critical element of a hybrid-electric-vehicle (HEV) propulsion system is the battery management system (BMS), which controls the performance of the HEV battery, the costliest and heaviest component of the propulsion system. This paper examines the relevance and criticality of an HEV BMS as a whole; that is, its general functions and “responsibilities”. Of these, its ability to accurately esti...