This paper estimates the seasonal and zonal \({\mathrm{CO}}_{2}\) marginal emissions factors (MEFs) from electricity production in Italian system. The inclusion of configuration wholesale power market leads to a complete measurement emission which takes into account heterogeneous distribution RES plants, their penetration rate variability within generation mix. article relies on flexible econom...

In this study, we propose an integrated approach that combines Bayesian Networks and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to address complexities involved in selecting an international facility for a manufacturing plant. Our goal is to efficiently represent uncertain data and ambiguous information, and to unite them to improve the quality of the decisions. Bayesian Networks provide a framework to elic...

LP-CVD ZnO has been developed at IMT as front TCO for a-Si:H p-i-n single-junction and “micromorph” (microcrystalline/amorphous silicon) tandem solar cells. An amorphous silicon single-junction p-i-n cell (~1 cm) with a stabilized efficiency of 9.47 % has independently been confirmed by NREL. Applying the monolithic series connection by laser-scribing, both for amorphous single-junction and mic...

Public institutions generally consider only the features list and the price in tenders while acquiring commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) software products. Yet non-functional requirements of software often dominate them in terms of cost-benefit analysis and total cost of ownership (TCO). In this paper, we emphasize the non-functional requirements that need to be included in the technical scoring/e...

Firms increasingly rely on open source software for solving business problems and building mission-critical IT solutions. However, there are numerous issues associated with OSS, including its influence on the total cost of ownership (TCO) and supportability and upgradeability risks. While savings from obtaining a free copy of the software can be significant, software accounts for an average of ...

The study investigates the representativeness of total column ozone (TCO) measurements from ground-based instruments located at Arosa/Davos stations in Switzerland to analyze global layer behavior past and future. statistical analysis satellite model data showed a high correlation TCO with near-global northern hemisphere annual mean for 1980–2018 period. Addition as proxy set standard explanato...

Over the coming decades, maritime transportation will transition from fossil hydrocarbon fuels to hydrogen, ammonia, and synthetic produced using renewable electricity as primary energy source. In this context, a shipowner needs identify cost-efficient plan for adoption of alternative onboard conversion system retrofits. This paper presents multiperiod decision model selection components under ...