Federated learning (FL) can protect data privacy but has difficulties in motivating user equipment (UE) to engage task training. This letter proposes a Bertrand-game based framework address the incentive problem, where model owner (MO) issues an FL and employed UEs help train by using their local data. Specially, we consider impact of time-varying load channel quality on UE’s motivation task. W...

Perceptual load theory accounts for many attentional phenomena; however, its mechanism remains elusive because it invokes underspecified attentional resources. Recent dual-task evidence has revealed that a concurrent visual short-term memory (VSTM) load slows visual search and reduces contrast sensitivity, but it is unknown whether a VSTM load also constricts attention in a canonical perceptual...