I study a class of differential games of pollution control with profit functions that are polynomial in the global pollution stock. Given an emissions path satisfying mild regularity conditions, a simple polynomial ambient transfer scheme is exhibited that induces it in Markov-perfect equilibrium (MPE). Proposed transfers are a polynomial function of the difference between actual and desired po...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between the number of generic medicines and pharmaceutical prices over time in Australia. METHODS A dataset was utilised containing 76 items for 4 years (2003-2007) on the national subsidy scheme - the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) - for which a generic brand is available. The PBS price was used as the dependent variable, and the number of gen...

In this paper an approach towards the automatic olive tree extraction from satellite imagery is presented. Counting olive trees in specific agriculture areas is crucial for the European Union olive production subsidies. Still counting and verification of each producer’s subsidy are based on standard photointerpretation methods or semi automatic techniques. In this paper an image processing sche...

In an attempt to go beyond the so called "smart" subsidies, Nigeria has embarked on a potentially innovative mobile phone-based input subsidy program that provides fertilizer and improved seed subsidies through electronic vouchers. In this article, we examined the productivity and welfare effects of the program using household-level data from rural Nigeria. The article employed instrumental var...

Ecosystems are linked to neighbouring ecosystems not only by dispersal, but also by the movement of subsidy. Such subsidy couplings between ecosystems have important landscape-scale implications because perturbations in one ecosystem may affect community structure and functioning in neighbouring ecosystems via increased/decreased subsidies. Here, we combine a general theoretical approach based ...

BACKGROUND The success in learning of emergency depends on many factors that can be summarized as: student, instructors and course. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of financial subsidy and venue of course in learning cardiovascular emergency. METHODS Data were analyzed regarding the courses of Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in the period from December 2005 to December 2006. In agr...

The concern over population decline has led Taiwan government to examine how and to what extent pronatalist policies could reverse the trend. The exclusive provision of the education subsidy to government employees allows us to examine whether the availability of the education subsidy explains differences in fertility behavior between public-sector and private-sector households. In 1996, the go...

We evaluated several variants of a variable biofuel subsidy and compared them with the fixed subsidy and Renewable Fuel Standard. We used two different modeling approaches. First we used a partial equilibrium model encompassing crude oil, gasoline, ethanol, corn, and ethanol by-products. Second, we used a stochastic simulation model of a prototypical ethanol plant. From the partial equilibrium ...

The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) is the largest project-based housing subsidy in the United States. Within the program, private developers receive a subsidy in exchange for constructing apartment units that rent for a predetermined affordable rate. Because the subsidy requires apartment buildings to charge a lower rental rate, the opportunity cost of developing subsidized housing in a ...