salinity and flooding are as two very important factors of soil degradation. they often occur together and cancause severe damage to plants. however, plant response to environmental stresses may vary with growth stage atwhich exposure occurs. a pot study was conducted in 2005-2006 in northern aq qala (northern iran) to studycombine effects of waterlogging and soil salinity at different growth s...

In this paper, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is applied for forecasting groundwater level fluctuation in Aghili plain,southwest Iran. An optimal design is completed for the two hidden layers with four different algorithms: gradient descent withmomentum (GDM), levenberg marquardt (LM), resilient back propagation (RP), and scaled conjugate gradient (SCG). Rain,evaporation, relative...

Groundwater is one of the most important water resources especially for irrigation in the east of Iran. So, it is important to note its water quality variation for deciding to manage it. To this end, the study were done to zone Birjand plain located at latitude between 32˚ 30’-33˚ 00’ N and longitude between 58˚ 45’-59˚ 41’ E. In order to achieve this goal, the required layers, Sodium adsorptio...

The development of agriculture and industry and the increase of population in countries with arid to semi-arid climates have led to more harvesting of groundwater resources and as a result land subsidence in different parts of the worlds. Decades of groundwater overexploitation in the Kashmar-Bardaskan plain in the north-east of Iran has resulted substantial land subsidence in this plain. The p...

Water quality experiments are difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Therefore, different modeling methods can be used as an alternative for these experiments. To achieve the research objective, geospatial artificial intelligence approaches such self-organizing map (SOM), neural network (ANN), co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) were to simulate groundwater in Mazandaran plain north...

The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) is native to the Middle East, Iran and much of southern Asia. For this study the middle ears of a total of 6 adult small Indian mongooses, both fresh and museum samples were explored by using of dissection and plain radiography. On the one hand, at least in some species of the mongoose vocalisations and hearings play a critical role in coordinatin...

Background: Iran is located in the global arid zone. With an average rainfall of less than 250 mm. 25 percent is Iran of located in hyper-dry area and 40 percent in the arid area. In 2007, the World Bank report declared the annual reduction of freshwater resources in Iran 6 times more than global standards and indicators. Since at present, in Iran most available fresh water enters the water eco...

BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to detect the infection of larval stages of Trichobilharzia species in the snail Lymnaea auricularia in northwestern Iran based on DNA analysis. METHODS A total number of 320 snails of L. auricularia were sampled from four water-bodies located in the suburb of Urmia City, North West Iran, during May to November 2011. The snails were first microscop...

Seasonal abundance and tendency to feed on humans are important parameters to measure for effective control of malaria vectors. The objective of this study was to describe relation between feeding pattern, abundance, and resting behavior of four malaria vectors in southern Iran. This study was conducted in ten indicator villages (based on malaria incidence and entomological indices) in mountain...

The 110-kilometer-long Qom-Kashan railway is one of the busiest lines in Iran, passing through Kashan plain. majority Iran's plains have subsided recent years as a result uncontrolled groundwater extraction, and plain no exception. In this study, ground surface displacement region its impact on were investigated using New Small Baseline Subset (NSBAS) up-down east–west directions descending asc...