proteins discussed in light of steps needed towards a comprehensive measurement system. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1997;35:719–32. 16. Thienpont LM, Van Uytfanghe K, De Leenheer AP. Reference measurement systems in clinical chemistry [Review]. Clin Chim Acta 2002;323:73–87. 17. International Organization for Standardization. In vitro diagnostic medical devices. Measurement of quantities in sa...

Background: The follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancers is based on neck ultrasonography and serum thyroglobulin assay (Tg), during l-T4 therapy and after recombinant human TSH administration; this test appears quite expensive, considering that only a small percentage of patients with undetectable Tg on TSH suppression therapy shows a response after TSH stimulation. Objectives: The aim of o...

BACKGROUND Protective effects of the antioxidant enzyme Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) against endotoxic shock have not been demonstrated in animal models. We used a murine model to investigate whether overexpression of SOD1 protects against endotoxic shock, and whether the genetic background of SOD1 affects its effective protective effects and susceptibility to endotoxic shock. METHODS Tr...

The proposed two types of multi-valued D flip-flops are NMAX-TG D flip-flop and NMIN-TG D flip-flop A NMAX-TG D flip-flop and a NMIN D flip-flop are composed of the components such as NMAX D flip-flops, NMIN D flip-flops and T-gate circuits. In the simulations, sampling frequencies of NMAX-TG D flip-flop and NMIN-TG D flip-flop are measured around 500 kHz and 1 MHz, respectively. The PDP parame...

Several cytokines derived from Th3 and Tr1 cells, including IL-10, are believed to regulate oral tolerance, but direct evidence is lacking. We have explored the potential role of IL-10 by generating transgenic (TG) mice with sustained hepatocyte-specific expression of rat IL-10. TG mice expressed rat IL-10 downstream of a transthyretin promoter, which led to serum levels that were increased 10-...

We have shown previously that tyrosine 319 in a conserved YIPP motif in the C terminus of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptors (AT(1)Rs) is essential for transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in vitro. We hypothesized that the signaling mechanism mediated through the specific amino acid sequence in the G protein-coupled receptor plays an important role in mediating card...

A thrombin-independent transglutaminase (TG) has been identified in vascular cells and tissues from human, rabbit, rat, porcine, and bovine sources. The vascular TG had several properties that were similar but not identical to guinea pig liver TG. Both enzymes had similar chromatographic and electrophoretic properties, preferentially cross-linked the alpha-chains of fibrinogen, and reacted with...

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the bidirectional transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides (TG) between HDL and (V)LDL. By shifting cholesterol in plasma from HDL to (V)LDL in exchange for VLDL-TG, CETP aggravates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic APOE*3-Leiden (E3L) mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CETP in TG metabolism and high-fat d...

The mechanism of action of 6-thioguanine (TG) has been examined in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells by direct measurement of the incorporation of the compound into DNA and by analysis of the resulting DNA damage. The predominant lesions as monitored by alkaline elution were DNA strand breaks. Very few, if any, interstrand or DNA-protein cross-links could be definitively observed. The cytoto...

The leaner (tg(la)) mouse mutation occurs in the gene encoding the voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel alpha(1A) subunit, the pore-forming subunit of P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels. This mutation results in dramatic reductions in P-type Ca(2+) channel function in cerebellar Purkinje neurons of tg(la)/tg(la) mice that could affect intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. We combined whole cell patch-clamp electro...