Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for fetal and post-natal nervous system development and also play an important role in the maintenance of adult brain function. Of the two major THs, T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine) is classically viewed as an pro-hormone that must be converted to T3 (3,5,3'-tri-iodo-l-thyronine) via tissue-level deiodinases for biological activity. THs primarily mediat...

Studies on glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) breeding in the Barents Sea have reported that high blood levels of halogenated organic contaminants in this species might cause reproductive, behavioral, and developmental stress. However, potential endocrine system modulation caused by contaminant exposure has yet not been reported in this Arctic apical predator. In this present study we aimed to ...

Thyroid functions were studied in 11 patients with subacute thyroiditis accompanied by signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and were compared with 13 patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis in which serum T4 was elevated to the identical level. Serum T3 was also elevated in subacute thyroiditis but to a significantly lower extent than in thyrotoxicosis. Therefore the ratio of T4/T3 was signifi...

Background: Stress has different effects on the body and endocrine system. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to determine the effects of immobilization stress and Aloe vera extract on levels of TSH, T3 or T4 in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 90 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of control, receiving normal saline, receiving Aloe vera ext...

it has been well established that the secretions of thyroid hormones and growth hormone (gh) isunder the regulation of different neurotransmitters. the goal of this study was to determine whethersubstance-p, as a neurotransmitter, regulates the mean plasma concentrations of thyroxin (t4),triiodothyronine (t3), gh, milk amount and constituents in sanan goats. nine sanan goats were randomlydivide...

Various methods are used to determine plasma thyroid hormones concentrations in medical diagnostic laboratories; but, some of them influence the results for thyroid hormone levels in domestic animals. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of two predominant plasma thyroid hormones using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods in sheep. Blood sam...