The tendency of the rat to approach the place that had been changed between two successive trials was studied in a total of 118 rats. The experiment was conducted in an enclosed T-maze under two different conditions of stimuli presentation on trial 1. In the "passive" test the rat was allowed to inspect the white-black maze arms but prevented from entering them by transparent partitions, in the...

Allocentric spatial learning can be assessed using popular spontaneous alternation behaviour (SAB) tested with T-maze, and also using radial arm maze (RAM) tasks. But the SAB testing has been reported to have lack of validity as a measure of retention, especially when used as a measure of short-term memory. A more complex dual alternated task was designed to clarify whether increasing novelty a...

We attempted to test whether the effect of amygdaloid lesion on the response-to-change would be similar to that observed previously after hippocampal damage. Twelve rats with lesions in the cortico-basomedial region of the amygdala (CBM) and 20 sham operated controls were used. The experiment was conducted in a T-maze under two different conditions of stimulus presentation in trial 1. In the pa...

The striatum in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry is a key neural substrate that is implicated in motor balance and procedural learning. The projection neurons in the striatum are dynamically modulated by nigrostriatal dopaminergic input and intrastriatal cholinergic input. The role of intrastriatal acetylcholine (ACh) in learning behaviors, however, remains to be fully clarified. In ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays a key role in cognitive dysfunction. Perilla frutescens var. japonica extract (PFE) and its major compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated whether administration of PFE and RA contributes to cognitive improvemen...

In this study, we investigated antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Pergularia daemia roots (PDR) using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In in vivo studies, status epilepticus caused by pilocarpine injection triggers epileptogenesis which evolves during about 1-2 weeks. After 2 h of status epilepticus, mice were treated during the epileptogenesis peri...

BACKGROUND We investigated interactions between genetically and autoimmune-mediated coagulopathies by inducing experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (eAPS) in mice carrying the factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation. METHODS eAPS was induced in heterozygous and homozygous FVL transgenic mice (C57BL/6 background) by immunization with β(2)-glycoprotein I (β(2)-GPI). Autoantibody levels were measured a...

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane are widely used in clinical and research contexts. Concerns have been raised that the effects of these drugs on the central nervous system may result in long-term impairment after surgery or general anesthesia. Hence, this study aimed to detect how different isoflurane concentrations influence spatial learning and cell death in adult mice. ME...