We present the construction of the lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system, a state-of-the-art technology that uses polymer materials (i.e., poly[dimethylsiloxane]) for the miniaturization of conventional laboratory apparatuses, and show the potential use of these microfluidic devices in clinical applications. In particular, we introduce the independent unit components of the LOC system and demonstrate how ...

A critical component of microfluidic technology is the fluid pumping mechanism. Syringe and pressure pumps are typically used in lab environment; however, their operations generate considerable dead volume that often larger than chip itself, leading to waste precious sample. As an alternative, pipetting allows for precise liquid dispensing with zero volume; it has a limited flow control. Recent...

introduction: unilateral vocal cord paralysis (uvcp) is not an uncommon finding. several procedures are available to manage glottal insufficiency. we conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the outcome of fat injection laryngoplasty.   materials and methods: liposuctioned lower abdomen fat was injected for augmentation of paralyzed vocal cord in 20 patients with uvcp. autologous fat was harveste...

W et injection was first proposed for administering inI sulin over 35 years ago (1). The stated rationale for I the initial devices was to decrease pain of injection I compared to needles and syringes (2). There was W little further application of jet injection to the treatment of diabetes for over 10 years, although jet injection developed wide use for mass immunization programs. Recently, the...

II for each step of the analysis cycle. At the end of each step the external clock is reset as is the 8 bit control pattern for the next function. The final step is to activate the AA analysis cycle and to wait for the furnace to cool before injection of the next sample. We have found that programming a waiting time longer than the cooling time extends the life of the graphite cuvettes. The pro...

A New Method of Subretinal Injection of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Air in Patients With Submacular Hemorrhage Subretinal macular hemorrhage (SRMH) is an important cause of irreversible visual loss1 because it causes permanent functional and anatomical damage to photoreceptors, mainly as a result of 1) barrier effect (separation of photoreceptors from the retinal pigmented epithelium by th...

Journal publications and conference presentations on prison-based syringe exchange (PSE) programmes were identified by a comprehensive search of electronic databases. Experts involved with development and evaluation of current PSE programmes or policy were contacted for reports, documents and unpublished material. Spanish information on PSE was translated for this review. We identified 14 paper...

BACKGROUND HIV continues to spread rapidly throughout Vietnam with injection drug use remaining the main risk factor for infection. The extent of pharmacy-based needle and syringe distribution has not previously been measured in Vietnam; this article reports on a pilot study exploring pharmacy-based harm reduction activities in Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. METHODOLOGY Five pharmacies located in ...

Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin, which has traditionally been delivered by vial and syringe. However, for many patients, dosing inaccuracy, pain, anxiety, inconvenience, and social acceptability present barriers to this method of administration (1-5). This has contributed to the increased popularity of alternative insulin delivery systems, including pen delivery devices (4, 6). Evidence...