In the present work the magnitudes of pigments in the synthetic leather, were measured by means of scanner. Initially synthetic leather samples pigmented by three different pigments of yellow, blue and red colors were prepared. Then the pigmented samples were scanned, and the values of RGB of images were calculated. The artificial neural network (ANN) method used to make relation between RGB va...

Residue analysis of the pyrethrins and allethrin as well as newer pyrethroid insecticides not containing halogens such as resmethrin and phenothrin is expensive, tedious, and/or of poor sensitivity. The structure of such pyrethroids suggests that they can be analyzed quickly, inexpensively, and at low levels by radioimmunoassay. Reaction of S-bioallethrin (lR,3R,4'S) with carboxymethoxylamine h...

BACKGROUND Home and garden pesticide use has been linked to cancer and other health outcomes in numerous epidemiological studies. Exposure has generally been self-reported, so the assessment is potentially limited by recall bias and lack of information on specific chemicals. OBJECTIVES As part of an integrated assessment of residential pesticide exposure, we identified active ingredients and ...

Leishmaniasis has been of concern to the U.S. military and has re-emerged in importance because of recent deployments to the Middle East. We conducted a retrospective probabilistic risk assessment for military personnel potentially exposed to insecticides during the “Leishmaniasis Control Plan” (LCP) undertaken in 2003 at Tallil Air Base, Iraq. We estimated acute and subchronic risks from resme...

Field-collected bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) showed little, if any, adverse effects after 2-h direct exposure to the aerosolized pyrethroid(s) from three over-the-counter total-release foggers (Ôbug bombsÕ or ÔfoggersÕ); Hotshot Bedbug and Flea Fogger, Spectracide Bug Stop Indoor Fogger, and Eliminator Indoor Fogger. One Þeld-collected population, EPM, was an exception in that therewas signi...

The toxicity of synergism of and resistance to insecticides in four strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were investigated. Toxicity of nine insecticides by topical application to the susceptible strain varied greater than 2,000-fold, with deltamethrin (LD50 = 0.004 micrograms per cockroach) and malathion (LD50 = 8.4 micrograms per cockroach) being the most and least toxic, re...

The Sacramento and Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District (SYMVCD, also referred to as "the District") conducts surveillance and management of mosquitoes in Sacramento and Yolo counties in California. Following an increase in numbers and West Nile virus (WNV) infection rates of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens, the District decided on July 26, 2007, to conduct aerial applications of Evergree...

Bed bugs have reemerged recently as a serious and growing problem not only in North America but in many parts of the world. These insects have become the most challenging pest to control in urban environments. Residual insecticides are the most common methods used for bed bug control; however, insecticide resistance limits the efficacy of treatments. Desiccant dusts have emerged as a good optio...

A new method for determination of pyrethroids, pyrethrins, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was developed for surface water samples. The method is based on sampling 100 L of ambient surface water with a solid phase extraction (SPE) technique that uses both wound glass fiber filters for collecting the particulate-ass...

A 17-month-old male King Charles cavalier was presented with acute onset of generalized body tremors, facial twitching and salivation after being exposed to 2 different classes of compounds of the pyrethrins/pyrethroids group as well as to imidacloprid. Bifenthrin toxicity was confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Pyrethroid toxicosis in dogs is to the best of our knowledge rarely ...