Currently, the methods to identify leather materials have limitations, and identifying natural types is also relatively complex. In this research, microstructures of four mammalian leathers (cattle leather, pig sheep deer leather), three kinds reptilian (crocodile lizard snake leather) regenerated were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The spectral curves (from 900 1700 nm) these s...

Abstract This study aimed to develop eco-friendly bacterial cellulose (BC) bio-leather with improved durability using plant-based proteins, namely soy protein isolate (SPI) and mushroom (MP), which were physically entrapped inside the BC, respectively. The amounts of proteins determined by evaluating tensile strength BC bio-leather, found be 20 wt% 50 for SPI MP, enhanced properties mechanical ...

Profile Pakistan's leather industry is one of the major foreign exchange earners for the country. About 90% of its products are exported in finished form. During 1996-97, the production of leather was about 14.3 million m and export earning amounted to US$ 642 million. There are some 600 tanneries in the formal sector and an equally large number of tanneries in the informal sector. These are co...

For industrial purposes such as product design, texture displays should deliver a quality sense of touch to users. We have developed a vibrotactile texture display that uses real materials such as fabric, wood, and leather to enable the presentation of quality textures to users. By applying two types of vibrotactile stimuli to users’ finger pads through the materials, their fine and macro rough...

Proteases are catabolic enzymes that catalyze the complete hydrolysis of protein. They constitute one of the most important groups of industrial enzymes, accounting for nearly 60% of the total worldwide enzyme sale1. Keratinolytic protease is a specific protease that has immense commercial importance. It acts on keratin of the hides thus can be used in dehairing2. This enzyme along with proteas...

This article reviews the various aspects of tannin, which is finding varied uses in leather industry and pharmaceutics.