Due to its high spectrum efficiency and good ability in coping with multi-path fading, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology has attracted considerable attention from researchers. However, OFDM system is very sensitive to symbol timing offset and carrier frequency offset, so accurate timing synchronization and frequency synchronization are necessary to OFDM system. This p...

scholars concern about colors application in poetic images, because color is considered one of the basic principles in images literary aesthetic field. in contemporary literature, poets portray beauty images by colors and indeed the presence of colors in nazok almalaeke poems is one of the basic rhetorical and expressive principles as other contemporary poets. in nazok almalaeke poems white is ...

INTRODUCTION The topic of representation acquisition, manipulation and use has been a major trend in Artificial Intelligence since its beginning and persists as an important matter in current research. Particularly, due to initial focus on development of symbolic systems, this topic is usually related to research in symbol grounding by artificial intelligent systems. Symbolic systems, as propos...

The chapter focuses on one of the key issues in document image processing i.e., graphical symbol recognition. Graphical symbol recognition is a sub-field of a larger research domain: pattern recognition. The chapter covers several approaches (i.e., statistical, structural and syntactic) and specially designed symbol recognition techniques inspired by real-world industrial problems. It, in gener...

Identifying a standard vocabulary and ontology is viewed as an important task for engineering design. While a number of high-level ontologies have been proposed, these are difficult to ground in terms of actual design instances, and manual definitions of the symbols are often incomplete and difficult to maintain. As an alternative, we propose an ”infant designer” paradigm which abstracts patter...

The article presents some genderspecific characteristics in children 'sart and a concept of different symbol-layers. Analyzing children's art the is useful. Genderspecific children' s are described according to conceptof relative development emphasizing that pictures made by strongly inspired pictorial language motifs culture. At same time, however, expressing personally important themes questi...

The complexity of a mechatronic Product-Service-System (PSS), as a combination of products, IT-components and services, requires a profound system’s understanding already in the early phase of the planning process. For a lifecycle oriented planning the different lifecycles of the subsytems and their interrelations with regard to context and time, as well as overlaps through the introduction of ...