Alternative sleeper technologies have been developed to address the significant need for replacement of deteriorating timber railway sleepers. The review literature indicates that sleepers might fail while in service, despite passing evaluation tests current composite standards which indicated these do not represent situ on ballast. In this research, a new five-point bending test is evaluate fl...

The periodic trimming of the long hairs growing at the distal end of the tail -switch trimming- is humane alternative of tail docking. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of switch trimming on somatic cell count (SCC), California mastitis test (CMT) and udder cleanliness of lactating cows in a free-stall dairy farm. In the present study, 219 healthy, pregnant Holstein cows ...

CHRONIC INSOMNIA IS A HIGHLY PREVALENT DISORDER THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT AND DISABILITY (E.G., SEE REFERENCE 1). There has been growing interest in the role of cognitive processes that maintain insomnia (e.g., see references 2-6). However, to date, a role for interpretative bias has not been investigated What is an interpretative bias? Many everyday events are ambiguous an...