OBJECTIVES To assess the variability in the number of cigarettes smoked per person per day in Spain according to the information source (health surveys versus legal sales). METHODS We compared cigarette consumption per person per day (population aged ≥16 years) obtained from the national health surveys in Spain and the official data on legal tobacco sales between 1993 and 2009. RESULTS Ciga...

OBJECTIVE To survey the efficacy of a practical workshop on clinical musculoskeletal anatomy held in five American countries. METHODS A self-assessment competence questionnaire sent to participants 1-3 months after the workshop. Results were compared to the results of a practical, instructor-assessed, pre-workshop test. RESULTS The response rate of participants was 76.4%. The overall, self-...

BACKGROUND Anemia in children continues to be a major public health challenge in most developing countries, particularly in Africa. Anemia in the early stages of life leads to severe negative consequences on the cognitive as well as the growth and development of children, which may persist even after treatment. We examine the prevalence of anemia in under-five children in the Ghanaian populatio...

PURPOSE To investigate the use of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in Canadian neurological occupational and physical therapy. METHOD An online survey was completed by occupational and physical therapists practising in Canadian adult neurological rehabilitation. We measured participants' practices, perceptions, and opinions in relation to their use of CIMT in clinical practice. RE...

BACKGROUND Samis are indigenous people in north Europe. In the territory called Sápmi (Lapland), reindeer herding is the traditional base for the Sami economy. The relation between living conditions and positive health of the Swedish Samis has been sparsely studied. As health is closely linked to sense of coherence (SOC), an understanding of the background factors to SOC may contribute knowledg...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between pregnancy history and the use of contraception among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in East Africa. METHODS Demographic and Health Surveys data from Burundi (2010), Kenya (2008-2009), Rwanda (2010), Tanzania (2010) and Uganda (2011) were used in the analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine the effects of women's pregnancy histo...

A census is a complete enumeration of the population: data are collected from every unit in the population. In a survey, a subset of the population, called a sample, is taken. Census are taken at regular but infrequent intervals, e.g. every 5 or 10 years. In between, surveys are used to update results. The selection and estimation procedures of official surveys are almost always based on previo...

1. What is a Survey? 2. Probability sampling 3. Common probability sampling designs 3.1. Simple Random Sampling 3.2. Stratified Sampling 3.3. Cluster Sampling 3.4. Unequal Probability Sampling 3.5. Systematic Sampling 3.6. Stratified Multistage Sampling 4. Survey estimates and standard errors 5. Nonsampling errors 6. Sampling rare populations 7. Issues in Survey Design Acknowledgments Glossary ...

Systematic surveys of astronomical objects often lead to discoveries, but always provide invaluable information for statistical studies of well-defined samples. They also promote follow-up investigations of individual objects or classes. Surveys using a yet unexplored observing wavelength, a novel technique or a new instrument are of special importance. Significantly improved observing paramete...

In this paper we propose a strategy for administering a survey that is mindful of sensitive data and individual privacy. The survey in question seeks to estimate the population proportions of a sensitive, polychotomous variable and does not depend on anonymity, cryptography, or in legal guarantees for its privacy preserving properties. Our technique, called Negative Surveys, presents interviewe...