this research was designed to evaluate and compare the applicability of two different types of irrigation including traditionally (surface irrigation) and simple sub-surface drip irrigation (using pricked-pipe covered with plastic cloth). two plots containing 39 pistachio trees with 720 m2 area were selected in rafsanjan, iran. both plots were irrigated using exactly the same quantity and quali...

Grazing animals and pasture production can affect water quality both positively and negatively. Good management practices for forage production protect the soil surface from erosion compared with conventionally produced crops. Grazing animals and pasture production can negatively affect water quality through erosion and sediment transport into surface waters, through nutrients from urine and fe...

a large portion of municipal waste, disposed in landfills, is organic in nature. this organicmaterial starts decomposing soon after the disposal in landfills. the decomposition leads to the generation ofin situ leachate, and this leachate can contain substantial amounts of contaminants. under arid conditions,leachate is solely generated by waste decomposition, as little input of external water ...

aims: bottled water is widely used in many countries and more than 100 different brands of bottled water are produced in iran. the aim of the present research was to assess the chemical compound of some iranian brands of bottled water and compare them with the mention information on their labels.     instrument & methods: this descriptive study was performed during march to december 2012 on the...

Surface water quality management is an important facet of the effort to meet increasing demand for water. For that purpose, must be monitored and assessed via use innovative techniques, such as indices (WQIs), spectral reflectance (SRIs), multivariate modeling. Throughout Rosetta Damietta branches Nile River, samples were collected, WQIs at 51 different distinct locations. The drinking index (D...

In the context of the Water Framework Directive, management plans have to be set up about water quality issues in surface and ground water bodies in the EU. In heavily industrialised and urbanised areas, the cumulative effect of multiple contaminant sources is likely to present a risk which has to be evaluated. In order to propose adequate measures, the calculated risk should be based on criter...

This research was designed to evaluate and compare the applicability of two different types of irrigation including traditionally (surface irrigation) and simple sub-surface drip irrigation (using pricked-pipe covered with plastic cloth). Two plots containing 39 pistachio trees with 720 m2 area were selected in Rafsanjan, Iran. Both plots were irrigated using exactly the same quantity and quali...

Background: Qual2k is a stream water quality model and was used to evaluate the water quality of the Kine-Vars River and assess the response of the river to nutrient management strategies. Methods: For that purpose, 7 sample stations were selected and surface water samples were collected in the winter and summer of 2012 and were analyzed for temperature, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen dem...