Adherence of blastoconidia to epidermal corneocytes is an early event in Candida colonization and infection of the skin. Pathogenic species adhere more avidly than nonpathogenic species, transform to hyphal growth, and invade the stratum corneum of the skin. Adherence was studied by scanning electron microscopy of experimental murine cutaneous Candida infections, using six species of Candida. C...

this study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of potentially pathogenic species of vibrio in sea water and estuarine environments of the caspian sea in the golestan province of iran. a total of 127 water samples from coastal waters as well as from river and estuaries were collected and analyzed by culture, during april and september 2001. following prompt centrifugation, the resuspen...

Using density functional theory we investigate whether intrinsic defects in ice surface segregate. We predict that hydronium, hydroxide, and the Bjerrum L- and D-defects are all more stable at the surface. However, the energetic cost to create a D-defect at the surface and migrate it into the bulk crystal is smaller than its bulk formation energy. Absolute and relative segregation energies are ...