Introduction The exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation from natural sources is a continuing and inescapable feature of life on earth. For most individuals, this exposure exceeds that from all man-made sources combined. Materials and Methods In this study, the annual effective dose in high level environmental background radiation areas (HLEBRAs) of northern city of Ramsar in Iran was de...

In this work, photostability, absorption and emission intensity of coated polycarbonate (PC) sheets with optical brightener (OB) as a wavelength converter material have been investigated. In addition, this coated sheet was used as a wall for microalgae culture flask, as a small scale photobioreactor, for studying the spectral conversion of UV-A radiation to blue light region and its effect ...

Various synoptic variables are related to satellite radiation data. It is shown that: (1) Vertical motion is related jointly to window radiation and water vapor radiation. (2) Surface relative humidity can be estimated from window radiation and cloud brightness. (3) Ceilings can be estimated from window radiation and cloud brightness.

In this paper, time extension methods, originally designed for clear-sky land surface conditions, are used to estimate high-spatial resolution daily longwave (LW) radiation from the instantaneous Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) product. The performance of four methods were first tested by using ground based flux measurements that collected 141 global sites. Combined with accuracy LW estim...

This paper discusses a procedure that was adopted for the development of a linear regression model for estimating solar radiation on horizontal surfaces for 7 Colombian zones. The correlations, the simulated global solar radiation on tilted surface and the simulated diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface for each zone are shown. The values of sunshine-hours and the solar radiation were...

We studied coupling phenomena between surface plasmons and electromagnetic waves in the microwave spectrum using circular apertures surrounded by array of grooves.We first present experimental and theoretical results of enhanced microwave transmission though a subwavelength circular aperture with concentric periodic grooves around the surface plasmon resonance frequency. This is followed by tra...

Interactions between climate change and UV radiation are having strong effects on aquatic ecosystems due to feedback between temperature, UV radiation, and greenhouse gas concentration. Higher air temperatures and incoming solar radiation are increasing the surface water temperatures of lakes and oceans, with many large lakes warming at twice the rate of regional air temperatures. Warmer oceans...

The temporary increase in the electrical surface conductivity of low-k organosilicate glass (SiCOH) during exposure to vacuum-ultraviolet radiation (VUV) is investigated. To measure the photoconductivity, patterned " comb structures " are deposited on dielectric films and exposed to synchrotron radiation in the range of 8–25 eV, which is in the energy range of most plasma vacuum-ultraviolet rad...

High quality data of surface radiation is a prerequisite for climate monitoring (Earth radiation budget) and solar energy applications. A very common method to derive solar surface irradiance is the Heliosat method, a one channel approach for the retrieval of the effective cloud albedo (CAL). This information is then used to derive the solar surface irradiance by application of a clear sky mode...