Adsorbed layers of polyelectrolytes have been studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the interferometric surface force apparatus (SFA). Particular emphasis was put on determining the effect of the polyelectrolyte charge density on surface topography, and the effect of the polyelectrolyte coating on the adhesive properties. The AFM was employed to image individual polymer chains at low a...

in the current study, pure tio2 and cr-doped tio2 (cr@tio2) nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel method and the resulting materials were applied to prepare the porous tio2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs). it is hypothesized that the advantages of the doping of the metal ions into tio2 lattice are the temporary rapping of the photogenerated electron-hole (charge carriers)...

A formal correspondence is established between the curvature theory of generalized implicit hypersurfaces, the classical theory of electromagnetism as expressed in terms of exterior di®erential systems, and thermodynamics. Starting with a generalized implicit surface whose normal ̄eld is represented by an exterior di®erential 1-form, it is possible to deduce the curvature invariants of the impl...

A formal correspondence is established between the curvature theory of generalized implicit hypersurfaces, the classical theory of electromagnetism as expressed in terms of exterior differential systems, and thermodynamics. Starting with a generalized implicit surface whose normal field is represented by an exterior differential 1-form, it is possible to deduce the curvature invariants of the i...

in the present work, the structural and electronic properties, and conductivity of (5,5) and (6,6) single walled carbon nanotubes in the ground state have done by using the hartree-fock and density functional theory dft-b3lyp/6-31g* level. delocalization of charge density between the bonding or lone pair and antibonding orbitals calculated by nbo (natural bond orbital) analysis. these methods a...

We present a theoretical framework to calculate the electrochemical charge on silica surfaces in contact with high-ionic-strength solutions in narrow channels. Analytical results indicate that the contribution of the adsorbed metal cations to the total surface charge is not negligible when the salinity is larger than 1 mM. The electrical triple-layer model is proved much better than other model...

The acid dissociation constants of long-chain esters of carnitine (5-hydroxy-~,trimethylammonium-butyrate) above the critical micelle concentration were determined potentiometrieally at several concentrations of added KC1. As the degree of protonation 5 increases the apparent pK values decrease owing to the increased positive charge on the micelle. The difference in pK between the neutral (zwit...

in this paper, scattering of a plane and monochromatic electromagnetic wave from a nano-wire is simulated using surface integral equations. first, integral equationsgoverning unknown fields on the surface is obtained based on stratton-cho surface integral equations. then, the interaction of the wave with a non-plasmonic as well as a palsmonic nano-wire is considered. it is shown that in scatter...

The interactions between nonpolar surfaces coated with the nonionic surfactant hexaoxyethylene dodecyl ether C12E6 were investigated using two techniques and three different types of surfaces. As nonpolar surfaces, the air/water interface, silanated negatively charged glass, and thiolated uncharged gold surfaces were chosen. The interactions between the air/water interfaces were measured with a...