people’s participation in legislation is the highest manifestation of people’s right to sovereignty and determing of destiny of them political and social life.nowadays this kind of participation mainly is applied by legislative branch in the light of indirect democracy and entrusting this right to members of parliament and in according to principle of separation of powers. after all, exceptionl...

When voting on a proposal one in fact chooses between two alternatives: (i) A new hypothetical social state depicted by the proposal and (ii) the status quo (henceforth: Reality); a Yes vote favors a transition to the proposed hypothetical state, while a No vote favors Reality. Social Choice theory generalizes voting on one proposal to ranking multiple proposals; that Reality was forsaken durin...

One potential breakthrough application of real-time mobile device sensing data is the ability to effect changes in the social systems in real time. This data can come from devices that we carry with us anyway: our cell phones, our name tags, and other computing devices. As we have shown in previous work, by using this data in offline analysis we can use this information to not only identify soc...

We show that the Lp norms of random sequences of holomorphic sections sN ∈ H(M, L ) of powers of a positive line bundle L over a compact Kähler manifold M satisfy ‖sN‖p/‖sN‖2 = { O(1) for 2 ≤ p < ∞ O( √ logN) for p = ∞ } almost surely. This estimate also holds for almost-holomorphic sections of positive line bundles on symplectic manifolds (in the sense of our previous work) and we give almost ...

literature plays various roles, the major function being expressing reality through the forms of the novel and the short story. naguib mahfuz, one of the outstanding arab novelists, has special talents in this respect. he expresses social problems critically. the sexual crisis is one of the plights which is both discussed and challenged in his novels and short stories. he investigated sexual cr...

In his The Construction of Social Reality, Searle presents an account of rights, responsibilities, obligations, duties, and similar entities in terms of the formula X counts as Y in context C, where “X” refers in the simplest case to some physical object or event and “Y ” to the result of imposing upon X some deontic power or function. Smith attempts to show the limitations of this formula, foc...