Bilateral supernumerary kidney is a very rare urogenital anomaly, with four cases reported in the literature thus far. To the best of our knowledge, bilateral supernumerary kidney in conjunction with horseshoe fusion anomaly is not reported till date. Herein, we report a 63-year-old male patient with persistent lower abdominal pain. Complete radiological evaluation including ultrasound, compute...

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly of the genital tract in which more than two testes are present, usually within the scrotum. Less than 100 cases of polyorchidism have been reported in medical literature till date. The most common form is the presence of three testis referred as triorchidism or tritestis. There are characteristic sonographic features of polyorchidism, and the diagnosis...

A supernumerary tooth is an extra tooth in any region of dental arch with predilection for premaxilla and are associated with various developmental disorders and syndromes. Here we present a case of supernumerary tooth present in left maxilla region and its surgical procedure for its removal along with brief overview on its associated complications and their management.

BACKGROUND An increase in tooth number is an exception during mammalian evolution. The acquisition of the lower fourth molar in the bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis, Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) is one example; however, its developmental origin is not clear. In some canids (Canidae), individual variation exist as supernumerary molar M4. This study focuses on the acquisition of the lower fourth...

AIM This was to assess the predictability of eruption of delayed permanent incisors after supernumerary removal and creation of adequate space, in relation to: root maturity, degree of vertical impaction, and degree of angulation of impaction. METHODS The dental records of children with supernumerary teeth delaying the eruption of permanent incisors were analysed. The type of a supernumerary ...

Supernumerary teeth are defined as those that are present in excess of the normal complement of human dentition and represent a unique developmental anomaly of patterning and morphogenesis. Despite the wealth of information generated from studies on normal tooth development, the genetic etiology and molecular mechanisms that lead to congenital deviations in tooth number are poorly understood. F...

The supernumerary kidney is an accessory organ with its own blood supply and collecting system. It is a very rare type of congenital renal anomaly with fewer than 100 cases reported since firstly described at 1656 (1). Embryological basis of supernumerary kidney is connected to the abnormal division of the nephrogenic cord into two metanephric blastemas which will form two kidneys (2). It may b...